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1、—CHAPTER2TheEarlyGreekPhilosophersTheWorldofPrecivilizedHumans1957;Murray,1955).Earlyhumansmadenodistinc-tionsbetweenanimate(living)andinanimateob-Imagineliving15,000yearsago.Whatwouldyourjectsorbetweenmaterialandimmaterialthings.lifebelike?Itseemssafetosaythatinyourli
2、fetimeAnotherapproachusedtoexplaintheworldas-youwouldexperiencemostofthefollowing:light-sumedthataghostorspiritdweltineverything,in-ning,thunder,rainbows,thephasesofthemoon,thecludinghumans,andthatthesespiritswereasrealasauroraborealis(northernlights),death,birth,ill-a
3、nythingelse.Theeventsinbothnatureandhumanness,dreams(includingnightmares),meteorites,conductwereexplainedasthewhimsofthespiritseclipsesofthesunormoon,andperhapsoneormorethatresidedineverything.Thewordspiritisderivedearthquakes,tornadoes,floods,droughts,orvolcanicfromthe
4、Latinwordfor“breath”(Hulin,1934,p.7).eruptions.BecausetheseeventswouldtouchyourBreath(laterspirit,soul,psyche,orghost)iswhatlifedirectly,itseemsnaturalthatyouwouldwanttogivesthingslife,andwhenitleavesathing,deathre-accountfortheminsomeway,buthow?Manyofsults.Thisvitalsp
5、iritcansometimesleavethebodytheseevents—forexample,lightning—cannotbeandreturn,aswasassumedtobethecaseindream-explainedbytheaveragecitizensofcivilizedcoun-ing.Also,becauseonecandreamoforthinkofaper-trieseventoday;butwehavefaiththatscientistscansonafterhisorherbiologica
6、ldeath,itwasassumedexplainsuchevents,andwearecomfortedandlessthatthepersonmuststillexist,foritwasbelievedfearful.However,asanearlyhumanyouwouldhavethatifsomethingcouldbethoughtofitmustexistnosuchscientificknowledgeavailable.Wemen-(reification).Withthislogic,anythingthemi
7、ndtionedinthepreviouschapterthatthoughtfulhu-couldconjureupwasassumedtobereal;therefore,manshavealwaysmadeempiricalobservationsandimaginationanddreamsprovidedanarrayofde-thenattemptedtoexplainthem.Althoughobserva-mons,spirits,monsters,and,later,gods,wholurkedtionandexp
8、lanationbecamekeycomponentsofsci-behindallnaturalevents.ence,theexplanationsearlyhumansofferedwereanythingbutscientifi
