philosophy - Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, introduction

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1、LivesandOpinionsofEminentPhilosophers1LivesandOpinionsofEminentPhilosophersLivesandOpinionsofEminentPhilosophers(Greek:Βίοικαὶγνῶμαιτῶνἐνφιλοσοφίᾳεὐδοκιμησάντων)isabiographyoftheGreekphilosophersbyDiogenesLaërtius,writteninGreek,perhapsinthefirsthalfofthethirdcenturyAD.Ov

2、erviewTheLivesandOpinionsofEminentPhilosophers,waswritteninGreekandprofessestogiveanaccountofthelivesandsayingsoftheGreekDionysioumonastery,codex90,a13th-centuryphilosophers.Theworkdoesn'thaveanexacttitleinthemanuscriptsmanuscriptcontainingselectionsfromHerodotus,Plutarch

3、and(shownhere)DiogenesLaertiusandappearsinvariouslengthyforms.Althoughitisatbestanuncriticalandunphilosophicalcompilation,itsvalue,asgivingusaninsightintotheprivatelivesoftheGreeksages,ledMontaignetowritethathewishedthatinsteadofoneLaërtiustherehadbeenadozen.[1]Ontheother

4、hand,modernscholarshaveadvisedthatwetreatDiogenes'testimoniawithcare,especiallywhenhefailstocitehissources:"Diogeneshasacquiredanimportanceoutofallproportiontohismeritsbecausethelossofmanyprimarysourcesandoftheearliersecondarycompilationshasaccidentallylefthimthechiefcont

5、inuoussourceforthehistoryofGreekphilosophy."[2]OrganizationoftheworkLaërtiustreatshissubjectintwodivisionswhichhedescribesastheIonianandtheItalianschools.ThebiographiesoftheformerbeginwithAnaximander,andendwithClitomachus,TheophrastusandChrysippus;thelatterbeginswithPytha

6、goras,andendswithEpicurus.TheSocratic[3]school,withitsvariousbranches,isclassedwiththeIonic;whiletheEleaticsandscepticsaretreatedundertheItalic.Healsoincludeshisownpoeticverse,albeitpedestrian,aboutthephilosophershediscusses.Books1-7:IonianPhilosophyBook1:TheSevenSagesTha

7、les,Solon,Chilon,Pittacus,Bias,Cleobulus,Periander,Anacharsis,Myson,Epimenides,PherecydesBook2:Socrates,withpredecessorsandfollowersAnaximander,Anaximenes,Anaxagoras,Archelaus,Socrates,Xenophon,Aeschines,Aristippus,Phaedo,Euclides,Stilpo,Crito,Simon,Glaucon,Simmias,Cebes,

8、MenedemusofEretriaBook3:PlatoPlatoBook4:TheAcademySpeusippus,Xenocrates,Polemo,CratesofAthens,Cr