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1、METAPHORANDSYMBOL,21(3),133–146Copyright©2006,LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.TimeAfterTime:ThePsychologicalRealityoftheEgo-andTime-Reference-PointDistinctioninMetaphoricalConstrualsofTimeRafaelE.Núñez,BenjaminA.Motz,andUrsinaTeuscherDepartmentofCognitiveScienceU
2、niversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoResearchincognitivelinguisticsandinprocessingoftemporalmetaphorshastradi-tionallydistinguishedbetweenMoving-EgoandMoving-Timemappings:EithertheEgoisconstruedasmovingregardingfixedtemporallandmarksorTimeisconstruedasmovingregardingt
3、heEgo.Bothofthesemetaphorsinvolvetimeeventsinrefer-encetoanEgo,whichspecifiesthepresenttimeNow.Webuildonrecenttheoreticalsuggestionsforamorefundamentalclassificationoftemporalmetaphors:Ego-andTime-Reference-Pointmetaphors(Ego-RPandTime-RP).Thedistinctionfocuses
4、ontheroleofreferencepointsinascribingorientation,ratherthanontheidentityofamovingentity(EgoorTime).UsingvisualprimingexperimentsweprovideevidenceofthepsychologicalrealityoftheTime-RPmetaphor,atemporalmetaphorwithnoreferencetoanEgo.Researchonconceptualmetaphorha
5、sbuiltuplinguisticevidencethatthereisanex-tensivesystemofmetaphorsunderlyinghumanthought.Thesemetaphors,whichmapinferentialstructurefromasourcedomainontoatargetdomain,allowustocon-ceiveabstractconceptsintermsofmoreconcreteconcepts(Gibbs,1994;Johnson,1987;Lakoff
6、&Johnson,1980,1999;Lakoff&Núñez,2000;Turner,1987).Re-gardingtimemetaphors,scholarshavetraditionallymadeadivisionbetweenMoving-TimeandMoving-Egometaphors(Clark,1973;Gentner,2001;Evans,2003;Lakoff,1993;Lakoff&Johnson,1980;Traugott,1978).Intheformer,timeCorrespond
7、enceshouldbeaddressedtoRafaelE.Núñez,DepartmentofCognitiveScience,Uni-versityofCalifornia,SanDiego,9500GilmanDrive,LaJolla,CA92093.E-mail:nunez@cogsci.ucsd.edu134NÚÑEZ,MOTZ,TEUSCHERFIGURE1Moving-Time(A)andMoving-Ego(B)conceptualmetaphors.Inbothcases,acanonicalo
8、bserver,theEgo,iscolocatedwiththepresenttime,Now.LocationsinfrontoftheEgoaremappedwithfutureeventsandthosebehindtheEgowithpastevents.eventsmoveregardingafixedobserverfromfro
