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1、Dowereallyunderstandquantummechanics?Strangecorrelations,paradoxesandtheorems.F.Lalo¨eLaboratoiredePhysiquedel’ENS,LKB,24rueLhomond,F-75005Paris,FranceJune6,2007AbstractThisarticlepresentsageneraldiscussionofseveralaspectsofourpresentunderstandingofquantummechanics.Th

2、eemphasisisputontheveryspecialcorrelationsthatthistheorymakespossible:theyareforbiddenbyverygeneralargumentsbasedonrealismandlocalcausality.Infact,thesecorrelationsarecompletelyimpossibleinanycircumstance,excepttheveryspecialsituationsdesignedbyphysicistsespeciallytoo

3、bservethesepurelyquantumeffects.Anothergeneralpointthatisemphasizedisthenecessityforthetheorytopredicttheemergenceofasingleresultinasinglerealizationofanexperiment.Forthispurpose,orthodoxquantummechanicsintroducesaspecialpostu-late:thereductionofthestatevector,whichcom

4、esinadditiontotheSchr¨odingerevolutionpostulate.Nevertheless,thepresenceinparalleloftwoevolutionprocessesofthesameobject(thestatevector)maybeapotentialsourceforconflicts;variousattitudesthatarepossibletoavoidthisproblemarediscussedinthistext.Afterabriefhistoricalintrod

5、uction,recallinghowtheveryspecialstatusofthestatevectorhasemergedinquantummechanics,variousconceptualdifficultiesareintroducedanddiscussed.TheEinsteinPodolskyRosen(EPR)theo-arXiv:quant-ph/0209123v214Nov2004remispresentedwiththehelpofabotanicalparable,inawaythatemphasize

6、showdeeplytheEPRreasoningisrootedintowhatisoftencalled“scientificmethod”.InanothersectiontheGHZargument,theHardyimpossibilities,aswellastheBKStheoremareintroducedinsimpleterms.Thefinaltwosectionsattempttogiveasummaryofthepresentsituation:onesectiondiscussesnon-localitya

7、ndentangle-mentasweseeitpresently,withbriefmentionofrecentexperiments;thelastsectioncontainsa(non-exhaustive)listofvariousattitudesthatarefoundamongphysicists,andthatarehelpfultoalleviatetheconceptualdifficultiesofquantummechanics.1Contents1Historicalperspective41.1Thre

8、eperiods...........................51.1.1Prehistory.........................61.1.2Theundulatoryperiod..................71.1.