高中化学方程式汇总大全(含离子式)

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1、一、非金属单质（F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H）1、氧化性：F2+H2===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)                           F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2    2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4 (XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)    2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2(水是还原剂)         2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2                          F2+2NaBr===2NaF

2、+Br2F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2                              7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF(ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO)3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3)Cl2+H22HCl(将H2在Cl2点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)3Cl2+2P2PCl3            Cl2+PCl3PCl5      Cl2+2Na2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3         Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2=

3、==2FeCl3 (在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl)Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2                 Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2                       Cl2+2I=2Cl+I23Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3  3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl       5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓        

4、         Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓  (水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl       Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl– Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2                     Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O22O2+3FeFe3O4           O2+K===KO2S+H2H2S                  2S+CCS2                  S+ZnZnSS+Fe FeS(既能由单

5、质制取，又能由离子制取) S+2CuCu2S(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)3S+2AlAl2S3(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)N2+3H22NH3       N2+3MgMg3N2         N2+3CaCa3N2N2+3BaBa3N2             N2+6Na2Na3N          N2+6K2K3NN2+6Rb2Rb3N           N2+2Al2AlN                P4+6H24PH3       P+3NaNa3P               2P+3ZnZn3P2H2+2Li2LiH2、还原性S+O2S

6、O2                    S+H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O   S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+3S+4HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O   3S+4H++43SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O2 2NO             4P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)2P+3X22PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）    PX3+X2PX5P4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2F2CF4                   C+2Cl2CCl4 

7、        C+O2(足量)CO2                        2C+O2(少量)2COC+CO22CO               C+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4  (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)Si(粉)+O2SiO2    Si+CSiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑          (Si+2OH+H2O=+2H2↑)3、歧化反应Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO（加碱或光照