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1、OnlytheParanoidSurviveByAndrewSGrovePublishers:HarperCollins,1997IntroductionNewtechniques,newapproaches,newtechnologiesandupsettheoldorderandchangetherulesofthegame.Thisiswhattruckingandairtransportationdidtorailroads,whatcontainershippingdidtotraditionalports,whatsuperstoresdidtosma
2、llshops,whatmicroprocessorscontinuetodotocomputingandwhatdigitalmediamightdotoentertainment.AndrewGrovecallsaverylargechangeinoneofthecompetitiveforcesinanindustry,a“10X”change,suggestingthattheforcehasbecometentimeswhatitwasjustrecently.Inthefaceofsuch“10X”forces,acompanycanlosecontr
3、olofitsdestiny.Thingshappentothebusinessthatdidnotbefore.Thebusinessnolongerrespondstothecompany’sactionsasitusedtointhepast.Whatsuchatransitiondoestoabusinessisprofound,andhowthebusinessmanagesthistransitiondeterminesitsfuture.Grovedescribesthisphenomenonasastrategicinflectionpoint.P
4、utanotherway,astrategicinflectionpointiswhenthebalanceofforcesshiftsfromtheoldstructure,fromtheoldwaysofdoingbusinessandtheoldwaysofcompeting,tothenew.Beforethestrategicinflectionpoint,theindustrysimplywasmoreliketheold.Afterit,itismorelikethenew.Itisapointwherethecurvehassubtlybutpro
5、foundlychanged.ThesearetheimportantpointsmadebyAndrewGroveinhisfascinatingbook,“OnlytheParanoidSurvive.”Whenanindustrygoesthroughastrategicinflectionpoint,theestablishedplayersmayhavetrouble.Ontheotherhand,a10Xchangeprovidesanopportunityforoutsiderstojoinandbecomepartoftheaction.Grove
6、offerssomeusefulinsightstocopewiththesituation.Whenatechnologybreakorotherfundamentalchangecomestheirway,companiesmustgrabit.Thefirstmoverandonlythefirstmover,hasatrueopportunitytogaintimeoveritscompetitors.Gettingaheadoftheothersisthesurestwaytogainmarketshare.Companiesmustalsoshowdi
7、sciplinebypricingforwhatthemarketwillbear,thenworkhardtocutcostssothattheycanmakemoneyatthatprice.IdentifyinginflectionpointsWhenisachangereallyastrategicinflectionpoint?Changestakeplaceinbusinessallthetime.Someareminor,somearemajor.Somearetransitory,somerepresentthebeginningofanewera
8、.They
