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1、RFoundationsandTrendsinSignalProcessingVol.1,Nos.1–2(2007)1–194c2007L.R.RabinerandR.W.SchaferDOI:10.1561/2000000001IntroductiontoDigitalSpeechProcessingLawrenceR.Rabiner1andRonaldW.Schafer21RutgersUniversityandUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,USA,rab
2、iner@ece.ucsb.edu2Hewlett-PackardLaboratories,PaloAlto,CA,USAAbstractSinceevenbeforethetimeofAlexanderGrahamBell’srevolution-aryinvention,engineersandscientistshavestudiedthephenomenonofspeechcommunicationwithaneyeoncreatingmoreefficientandeffectivesystemsof
3、human-to-humanandhuman-to-machinecommuni-cation.Startinginthe1960s,digitalsignalprocessing(DSP),assumedacentralroleinspeechstudies,andtodayDSPisthekeytorealizingthefruitsoftheknowledgethathasbeengainedthroughdecadesofresearch.Concomitantadvancesinintegrat
4、edcircuittechnologyandcomputerarchitecturehavealignedtocreateatechnologicalenviron-mentwithvirtuallylimitlessopportunitiesforinnovationinspeechcommunicationapplications.Inthistext,wehighlightthecentralroleofDSPtechniquesinmodernspeechcommunicationresearch
5、andappli-cations.Wepresentacomprehensiveoverviewofdigitalspeechprocess-ingthatrangesfromthebasicnatureofthespeechsignal,throughavarietyofmethodsofrepresentingspeechindigitalform,toapplica-tionsinvoicecommunicationandautomaticsynthesisandrecognitionofspeec
6、h.Thebreadthofthissubjectdoesnotallowustodiscussanyaspectofspeechprocessingtogreatdepth;henceourgoalistopro-videausefulintroductiontothewiderangeofimportantconceptsthatcomprisethefieldofdigitalspeechprocessing.Amorecomprehensivetreatmentwillappearinthefort
7、hcomingbook,TheoryandApplicationofDigitalSpeechProcessing[101].1IntroductionThefundamentalpurposeofspeechiscommunication,i.e.,thetrans-missionofmessages.AccordingtoShannon’sinformationtheory[116],amessagerepresentedasasequenceofdiscretesymbolscanbequanti-
8、fiedbyitsinformationcontentinbits,andtherateoftransmissionofinformationismeasuredinbits/second(bps).Inspeechproduction,aswellasinmanyhuman-engineeredelectroniccommunicationsystems,theinformationtobetransmittedisencod