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1、REVISITS645Revisits:AnOutlineofaTheoryofReflexiveEthnographyMichaelBurawoyUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyThispaperexplorestheethnographictechniqueofthefocusedrevisit—rareinsoci-ologybutcommoninanthropology—whenanethnographerreturnstothesiteofapreviousstudy.Discrepanciesbetweenearlierandlateraccount
2、scanbeattributedtodifferencesin:(1)therelationofobservertoparticipant,(2)theorybroughttothefieldbytheethnographer,(3)internalprocesseswithinthefieldsiteitself,or(4)forcesexternaltothefieldsite.Focusedrevisitstendtosettleononeoranotherofthesefourexplanations,givingrisetofourtypesoffocusedrevisits.Us
3、ingexamples,thelimitsofeachtypeoffocusedrevisitareexploredwithaviewtodevelopingareflexiveethnographythatcombinesallfourapproaches.Theprinciplesofthefo-cusedrevisitarethenextendedtorolling,punctuated,heuristic,archeological,andvaledictoryrevisits.Incenteringattentiononethnography-as-revisitsociologi
4、stsdirectlyconfrontthedilemmasofparticipatingintheworldtheystudy—aworldthatundergoes(real)historicalchangethatcanonlybegraspedusinga(constructed)theoreticallens.ackingbackwardandforwardciplineofanthropology.Afterfourdecadesthrough40yearsoffieldwork,Cliffordofexpansion,startinginthe1950s,thereareGee
5、rtz(1995)describeshowchangesinthenowmanymoreanthropologistsswarmingtwotownshestudied,PareinIndonesiaandovertheglobe.TheycomenotonlyfromSefrouinMorocco,cannotbeseparatedfromWesterncentersbutalsofromex-colonies.theirnationstates—theonebeleagueredbyaTheyareevermoreskepticalofpositivesci-successionofpo
6、liticalcontestationsandtheence,andembracetheinterpretiveturn,it-othertheproductofdissolvingstructures.selfpioneeredbyGeertz,thatgivesprideofThesetwostates,inturn,cannotbeseparatedplacetocultureasnarrativeandtext.“Whenfromcompetingandtransmogrifyingworldeverythingchanges,fromthesmallandim-hegemonies
7、thatentangleanthropologistsasmediatetothevastandabstract—theobjectwellastheirsubjects.JustasGeertz’sfieldofstudy,theworldimmediatelyaroundit,thesiteshavebeenreconfigured,sohasthedis-student,theworldimmediat
