资源描述：
《美国文学名词解释 (1)资料》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、1TheEnlightenment启蒙运动:TheEnlightenmentwasanintellectualmovementoriginatinginFrance,whichattractedwidespreadsupportamongtherulingandintellectualclassesofEuropeandNorthAmericainthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.ItcharacterizestheeffortsbycertainEuropeanwriterstousecriticalreasontofreemindsfromprejudice,un
2、examinedauthorityandoppressionbyChurchorState.Therefore,theEnlightenmentissometimescalledtheAgeofReason2AmericanDream美国梦:ItisthefaithheldbymanyintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,anddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.Thesewerevalueshel
3、dbymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.NowadaystheAmericanDreamhasledtoanemphasisonmaterialwealthasmeasureofsuccessorhappiness3.Transcendentalism超验主义:Itwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,cultureandphilosophythatemergedinNewEnglandinthemiddle19thcentury.Itbegana
4、saprotestagainstthegeneralstateofcultureandsociety.Amongtranscendentalist’scorebeliefswasanidealspiritualstatethat“transcends”thephysicalandempiricalandisonlyrealizedthroughtheindividual’sintuition,ratherthanthroughthedoctrinesofestablishedreligions.ProminenttranscendentalistsincludedRalphWaldoEmers
5、on,HenryDavidThoreau,WaltWhitman,etc.Itisakindofphilosophythatstressesbeliefintranscendentalthingsandtheimportanceofspiritualratherthanmaterialexistence.4.AmericanPuritanism美国清教主义:ItisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThePuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionofthePuritanChurch.Thefirstsettlerswh
6、obecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthem.Theywereagroupofserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples.Astheworditselfhints,Puritanswantedtopuritytheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlim
7、itedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.Asacultureheritage,PuritanismdidhaveaprofoundinfluenceontheearlyAmericanmind.5.Symbolism象征主义：Itisthewritingtechniqueofusingsymbols.It’saliterarymovem
