考研英美文学名词解释资料

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1、英美文学名词解释TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiterature1.Aestheticism/theAestheticismMovement(唯美主义)AEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance.ThismovementwasintroducedtolateVictorianEnglandmainlyWalterPaterasareactionagainstthematerialismandcommercialismofanin

2、dustrializedsociety.ItwasalsoareactionagainsttheVictorianconventionofartformorality’ssake,orartformoney’ssake.Themajortenetsofthismovementincludethebeliefintheautonomyofaworkofart,theemphasisoncraftandartistry--thetheoryof“artforart’ssake”.ThemostoutstandingVictorianrepresentativesofthismov

3、ementincludedOscarWilde.2.Allegory（寓言）Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.寓言：用诗歌或散文讲的故事，在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。所有的寓言都是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义的故事。3.Alliteration(头韵)

4、Itistherepetitionofthesameinitialconsonantsoundwithinalineoragroupofwordsinpoetry.InOldEnglishalliterativemeter,alliterationistheprincipalorganizingdeviceoftheverseline,suchasinBeowulf.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。4.Allusion:Areferencetoaperson,aplace,anevent,oraliteraryworkthatawriterexpe

5、ctsthereadertorecognizeandrespondto.Anallusionmaybedrawnfromhistory,geography,literature,orreligion.典故：文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品。典故或来自历史、地理、文学或宗教。5.AmericanNaturalism(美国自然主义)TheAmericannaturalismacceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofDarwin’sevolutionarytheoryandusedittoaccountfo

6、rthebehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedattributes,theirhabitswereconditionedbysocialandeconomicforces.Americannaturalismwasevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthor’stoneinwritingbecamelessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessi

7、mistic.Itwasnomorethanagloomyphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexistence.Dreiserwasaleadingfigureofthisschool.6.AmericanPuritanism(美国清教主义)PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.TheAmericanpuritans,liketheirEnglishbrothers,areidealists.They