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1、植物保护外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译附录PlantProtectionAbstractThecardsontheuppersurfacewereblue,says[JohnHowell].Inmanycases,cardsonthelowerleaveswerenotcoveredaswell."Ifgrowerswanttocheckoutcoverageinanykindofcrop,theycangetthesecardsfrommachinerydealers,"saysHowell."Itisagreatwaytodete
2、rminewhatkindofspraycoverageyouaregetting.Wetestedallthesesprayersat4milesanhourand2milesanhourandwediditwiththedifferenttypesofsprayers."[Headnote]Increaseyieldsbymakingsureyourpumpkinandsquashcropsareadequatelycoveredwithacropprotectant.OVERtheyears,diseasepressureonpum
3、pkinsandwintersquash,especiallyintheNortheast,hasbecomemoresevere.Morethan30yearsago,thesecropswerenottypicallysprayedwithfungicidesorinsecticidesbecauseitsimplywasn'tnecessary.Diseaseandinsectpressurewasn'tthatsignificant-backthen.Fastforwardtoabout15yearsago,andthingswe
4、rebeginningtochange.AccordingtoJohnHowell,retiredextensionvegetablespecialistattheUniversityofMassachusetts,asdemandforthesecrops,especiallypumpkinsforHalloween,increased,sodidproductionandthespreadofplantdisease,particularlyblackrot.Theresultwasthatsprayingbecameanecessi
5、ty."Growersdidn'twanttodrivethroughtheirfieldswithasprayerbecausetheywouldsquashafewsquash,andpumpkins,"saysHowell."Wehadtoconvincethemthatlosingafewplantsthiswaywasbetterthanlosingmuchmoretodisease."SprayerVs.SprayerAccordingtoHowell,mostgrowersusehigh-pressurevolumespra
6、yerstoapplyinsecticidesandfungicidestorowcrops.Someuseairblastsprayersandlow-volumeunits.Frompastresearchsprayinginsecticidesandfungicidesonpumpkinsandsquash,Howelllearnedthatnoneofthesprayertypesworkedaswellastheywouldhavelikedthemto.Low-volumeandairblastsprayersfellshor
7、tinbeingabletosuccessfullypenetratethecanopyandachievegoodleafcoverage.Low-volumesprayers,saysHowell,aretypicallyusedtosprayherbicidesdirectlyonthesoil,soapplyingproducttoplantleavestopreventdiseaseisn'tthemaingoal.Theairblastunits,helearned,haddifficultygettingcoverageun
8、dertheplantcanopy.Ofthethreetypes,thehigh-pressurevolumesprayersprovidedthebestcoveragetoplantle
