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1、第37卷第8期东北林业大学学报Vol.37No.82009年8月JOURNALOFNORTHEASTFORESTRYUNIVERSITYAug.20091)黑河地区火干扰后天然次生林的分布格局刘滨凡刘广菊李凤芝(东北林业大学,哈尔滨,150040)(黑龙江省森林工程与环境研究所)(伊春市林业科学研究院)摘要黑龙江省黑河地区为我国三大重点火险区之一,近20a火烧轮回期为35.8a,火干扰后天然次生林不同森林类型分布格局发生明显变化。黑河地区森林类型共归纳为9类,其中:软阔叶混交林类型面积分布为1.6215×10hm,占总面积的
2、60.9%,为主要森林类型;原生顶极群落针阔混交林类型则分布极少,仅占总面积的3.0%;软阔叶混交林斑块为49889块,占总斑块的59.0%,针叶林及针阔混交林仅占总斑块的2.7%。林木蓄积多73集中在软阔叶混交林中,为7.03×10m,占总蓄积的56.8%,其次为白桦林、蒙古栎林和黑桦林森林类型,针叶林和针阔混交林蓄积占总蓄积的9.4%。黑河地区针阔叶森林类型比例严重失衡,远离了当地森林顶极群落类型,这是森林火灾和过度采伐造成的严重恶果。关键词天然次生林;火干扰;火烧迹地;森林类型;分布格局分类号S762.1;S718.5
3、4DistributionPatternofNaturalSecondaryForestsinHeiheRegionsafterFireDisturbance/LiuBinfan(CollegeofEngineeringTechnique,NortheastForestryUniversity,Harbin150040,P.R.China);LiuGuangju(HeilongjiangInstitu2teofForestEngineeringandEnvironment);LiFengzhi(YichunAcademyof
4、ForestryScience)//JournalofNortheastForestryUniversity.-2009,37(8).-31～33,38HeiheregionofHeilongjiangProvinceisoneofthethreeimportantfiredangerareasinChina.Itsfirereturnintervalis35.8yearsforrecent20years.Thedistributionpatternsofdifferentforesttypesofnaturalsecond
5、aryforestschangedob2viouslyafterfiredisturbance.ThereareninetypesofforestsinHeiheregion,amongwhichsoftbroad2leavedmixedforest,6withanareaof1.15×10hectare,isthemainforesttype,accountingfor60.9percentofthetotalforestareainHeihere2gion.Theprimaryclimaxcommunity,conife
6、rousandbroad2leavedmixedforest,onlyoccupies3.0percentofthetotal.Thepatchnumberofsoftbroad2leavedmixedforestsis49889,takingup59.0percentofthetotalpatchnumber,whilethatofconiferousforestsandconiferousandbroad2leavedmixedforestsonlyaccountsfor2.7percentofthetotal.Soft
7、broad2leaved7mixedforestshavethehigheststockvolumeof7.03×10cubemeters,accountingfor56.8percentofthetotalvolume,andthenfollowedbyBetulaplatyphylla,Quercusmongolica,andBetuladahuricaforests,andconiferousforestsandconiferousandbroad2leavedmixedforestsoccupy9.4percento
8、fthetotal.Theunbalancedproportionsofconiferousandbroad2leavedforests,causedbyforestfireandexcessivecutting,resultintheforestcommunitiesawayformth
