船舶适航能力

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1、窗体顶端34J.Mar.L.&Com.497JournalofMaritimeLawandCommerceJuly,2003CaseNote*497SEAWORTHINESS:ANEWCALCULUSFACTORSINENVIRONMENTALFRIENDLINESS:MOBILSHIPPING&TRANSPORTATIONCO.v.WONSILDLIQUIDCARRIERS,LTD.,190F.3D64,1999AMC2705(2DCIR.1999)SusanHodges[FNa1]Copyright©2003byJeffersonLawBookCompany;SusanHo

2、dgesINTRODUCTIONInMobilShippingTransportationCo.v.WonsildLiquidCarriersLtd.,[FN1]theUnitedStatesDistrictCourtfortheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkintroducedanewcriterionfortheassessmentofseaworthiness.In1999,theadditionalconsideration—riskofenvironmentaldamage—receivedtheapprovaloftheUnitedStatesC

3、ourtofAppealfortheSecondCircuit.[FN2]Whetherthefashionablenotionofenvironmentalseaworthinesswillbeconfirmedbyahighertribunal,oracceptedbyotherjurisdictions,remainstobeseen.Thecasehasleftsomethingfortwenty-firstcenturyjudgesandlawyerstoponderandevaluate.Onecansafelypredictthat,inourcurrentcli

4、mateofeco-friendliness,anycausethatsafeguardstheenvironmentwillreceiveahearing.However,itsadoptiondependsasmuchuponthestrengthofitsfoundationasuponthepersonalorientationofthejudgetryingthecase.Thepurposeofthiscasenoteistoexaminewhetherithasanyrealbasisinlawandtodiscussvariousrelatedaspectsof

5、seaworthiness.在美孚船务运输有限公司诉Wonsild液体运输有限公司一案中，美国纽约南区地方法院提出了一个新的评估适航性的标准。1999年，将环境损害的风险作为一种额外考量标准的观点得到了美国第二巡回上诉法院的认可。当前流行的环境适航性的概念能否被上一级法院或其他法域所接受还有待观察。这个案子给二十一世纪的法官和律师们留下了许多值得思考和评价的地方。我们可以放心地预测，在我们当前这个主张环境友好的环境下，任何保护环境的因素都会得到听证。然而，它通过与否则会取决于其自身是否有牢靠的基础以及法官审理此案时的个人倾向。本案例意在考察其是否有任何真正的法律依据并讨论与适航

6、性相关的各个方面。FACTSMobilShippingandTransportationCompany(“Mosat”)charteredtheAlsterstern,adouble-hulledfreighter,fromWonsildLiquidCarriersLtd.(“Wonsild”)forthecarriageoflubeoilfromEuropetoHongKongviaSingapore.Thecharterpartycontainedanexpresstermrelatingtoseaworthiness,thattheAlsterstern“shallbei

7、ngoodworkingorderandconditionandineverywayseaworthyandfitforthecarriageofthecargo”atthecommencementofeachstageofthevoyage.[FN3]Theshiptravelledsafelyfrom*498EuropetoSingapore,butwhenshearrivedatSingapore,shecrashedintothedischargeberthandsustainedt