现代建筑与建筑材料(1)

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1、Industrialrevolutionhasbroughttheproductivitydevelopmentandeconomicprosperity,theriseofthepopulationconcentratedtothebigindustrycity,strainingurbanland,landpricesrose,continuouslyexpandtothesurroundingcity,urbanspacestillcramped.Inordertobuildmoresmallerlandscopetous

2、earea,buildinghadtohighaltitude.Alsoisthefundamentalcauseofhigh-risebuildings.Andthegenerationofhigh-risebuildingistheinevitableoutcomeofsocialdevelopment,bothareinterdependentandinfluenceeachother.High-risebuildinghasgreateffectonthecityblocks.Onlyforitsabsolutesize

3、andpopulation,tothecentralizationofthecityblocks,andpedestriansonthestreetandthestreetitselfhasobviousimportance.Becauseofitsrelativesizeandheight,high-risebuildingsaroundthecityoftheexistingenvironmentandscales.Eitherindependentlyorinurbanenvironment,withthesizeofth

4、ebuilding,thegreatertheeffect.Anunprecedentedsurgeinincreasingscaleofhigh-risebuildinghascausedthedeteriorationofenvironmentalconditions,thusbecomethescourgeofurbanqualityoflife.High-risebuildingsinsertedintotheurbanenvironment,mostofthesedeepcanyonsdeprivedurbanresi

5、dentsinthecityoflight,sunshine,andnaturalventilation,oncitystreetsanditsmicroclimatesurroundingscausedgreatinfluence,andthisenergyconsumptionistoolarge,largeconstructionprojects,suchasairconditioning,heatingandlightingneedslargepowersupply,resultinginalargeamountofhe

6、at,changetherelationshipbetweenthecitytheoriginalthermalbalance,contributedtotheurbanheatislandphenomenon,worsenthelivingconditionsofthecitizens.Inshort,inthewholecityenvironment,high-risebuildingplaysadecisiverole.高层建筑对其所在的城市街区具有重要的影响。仅以它绝对的规模和人口总量，就对城市街区的集中化、对街上的行人

7、以及街景本身都具有明显的重要性。由于其相对体量和高度，高层建筑对城市已有的周围环境及尺度影响甚大。不论是独立的或是混入在城市环境里，建筑物的体量越大，影响也就越大。不断增大尺度的高层建筑的空前激增已引起环境条件不断的恶化，因而变成城市生活质量的祸害。高层建筑插入到城市环境中，这些大都市里深谷剥夺了城市居民的光线、日照、和自然通风，对城市街区及其周围小气候环境的造成很大影响，还有这些大型建筑项目的能耗过大，如空调、取暖和照明等需要较大的能量供应，从而产生大量的热量，改变了城市原有的热平衡关系，加剧了城市的热岛现象，恶化了市民的生存

8、环境。