英美文学期末复习资料+所有作家作品流派总结

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1、一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗，史诗Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Manyepicsweredrawnfromanoraltraditionandweretransmittedbysongandrecitationbeforetheywerewrittendown.TwoofthemostfamousepicsofW

2、esterncivilizationareHomer'sIliadandOdyssey.ThegreatepicoftheMiddleAgesisTheDivineComedy（神曲）bytheItalianpoetDante.ThetwomostfamousEnglishepicsaretheAnglo-SaxonBeowulfandJohnMilton'sParadiseLost,whichemploysomeoftheconventionsoftheclassicalepic.2.Natura

3、lism自然主义（文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨）Naturalismisatermofliteraryhistory,primarilyaFrenchmovementinprosefictionandthedramaduringthefinalthirdofthe19thcentury,althoughitisalsoappliedtosimilarmovementsorgroupsofwritersinothercountriesinthelaterdecadesofthe19thandearlyy

4、earsofthe20thcents.InFranceEmileZola(1840-1902)wasthedominantpractitioner(习艺者，专业人员)ofNaturalisminprosefictionandthechiefexponent（鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者；能手，大师）ofitsdoctrines.TheemergenceofNaturalismdoesnotmarkaradical（彻底的）breakwithRealism,ratherthenewstyleisalogic

5、alextensionofit.Broadlyspeaking,Naturalismischaracterizedbyarefusaltoidealizeexperienceandbythepersuasionthathumanlifeisstrictlysubjectedtonaturallaws.TheNaturalistssharedwiththeearlierRealiststheconvictionthattheeverydaylifeofthemiddleandlowerclasseso

6、ftheirowndayprovidedsubjectsworthyofseriousliterarytreatment.Emphasiswaslaidontheinfluenceofthematerialandeconomicenvironmentonbehavior,andonthedeterminingeffectsofphysicalandhereditaryfactorsinformingtheindividualtemperament.FamousAmericanNaturalistic

7、writerswouldincludeJackLondon,StephenCraneandFrankNorris,whoweredeeplyinfluencedbyCharlesDarwin'sevolutiontheorywhichbelievethatone'sheredityandsocialsituationlimitone'scharacter.3.Modernism现代派（盛行于20世纪的文学风格）Modernismwasacomplexanddiverseinternationalmo

8、vementinallthecreativearts,originatingabouttheendofthe19thcenturyandprosperityinthe20thcentury.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimsel