肠道菌群,代谢产物及宿主免疫

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1、REVIEWSGutmicrobiota,metabolitesandhostimmunityMichelleG. Rooks1andWendyS. Garrett1–4Abstract

2、Themicrobiota—thecollectionofmicroorganismsthatlivewithinandonallmammals—providescrucialsignalsforthedevelopmentandfunctionoftheimmunesystem.Increasedavailabilityoftechnologiesthatprofilemicrobialcommun

3、itiesisfacilitatingtheentryofmanyimmunologistsintotheevolvingfieldofhost–microbiotastudies.Themicrobialcommunities,theirmetabolitesandcomponentsarenotonlynecessaryforimmunehomeostasis,theyalsoinfluencethesusceptibilityofthehosttomanyimmune-mediateddiseasesanddisorders.InthisReview,wediscusstechn

4、ologicalandcomputationalapproachesforinvestigatingthemicrobiome,aswellasrecentadvancesinourunderstandingofhostimmunityandmicrobialmutualismwithafocusonspecificmicrobialmetabolites,bacterialcomponentsandtheimmunesystem.Mammalsharbourwidelydiverseandimmenselyactivedirectclassificationofsampleswith

5、outtheneedforcul-DysbiosisAnimbalanceinthemicrobialcommunities.Throughanenduringmutual-turing.Thesetechnologicaladvancesprovidearobustcompositionorfunctionofisticpartnership,thehosthasevolvedtocoordinateandmethodforprofilingcomplexmicrobialcommunitiesthe microbialspeciesthatintegrateconservedmet

6、abolicsignalling,microbialsens-fromdiverseenvironmentsandforanalysingchangesinare normallyfoundiningandimmuneresponsepathwaystoensureitssurvivalcommunitystructureovertime.Althoughmicrobiomemammalianhosts.Itisinamicrobiallydominatedworld.Thisdynamiccross-compositiondiffersbetweenindividualsandatt

7、imesassociatedwithalterationsin immunefunction andtalkbetweenthehostanditsmicrobiotaisimportantfluctuatesmarkedlywithinindividuals,corefeaturesexistsusceptibilityto inflammatoryforachievingandmaintaininghomeostasis.If,orwhen,inthemicrobialcommunitiesthatcolonizethehumandiseases,allergiesandthisd

8、ialoguegoesawry—owingtoperturbationstothebody1.Eachbodyhabitatisspatiallydistinctanddiffer-metabolicconditions.microbiotaorthehost—dysbiosiscanensue.Studiesentiallydominatedbyspecificphyla,withniche-specificcontinuetoestabli