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1、HistoricaloriginsAmericanmedicaltextfrom1814showingtheBritishEnglishspellingsstillemployedatthetime,suchas"tumours","colour",and"centres".Intheearly18thcentury,Englishspellingwasnotstandardized.Differencesbecamenoticeableafterthepublishingofinfluentialdictionaries.CurrentBritishEnglishsp
2、ellingsfollow,forthemostpart,thoseofSamuelJohnson'sADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),whereasmanyAmericanEnglishspellingsfollowNoahWebster'sAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1828).[1]WebsterwasastrongproponentofEnglishspellingreformforreasonsbothphilologicalandnationalistic.Man
3、yspellingchangesproposedintheUnitedStatesbyWebsterhimself,andintheearly20thcenturybytheSimplifiedSpellingBoard,nevercaughton.AmongtheadvocatesofspellingreforminEngland,theinfluencesofthosewhopreferredtheNorman(orAnglo-French)spellingsofcertainwordsprovedtobedecisive.Subsequentspellingadj
4、ustmentsintheUnitedKingdomhadlittleeffectonpresent-dayAmericanspellingsandvice-versa.Inmanycases,AmericanEnglishdeviatedinthe19thcenturyfrommainstreamBritishspelling,butithasalsoretainedsomeolderforms.ThespellingsystemsofmostCommonwealthcountriesandIreland,forthemostpart,closelyresemblet
5、heBritishsystem.InCanada,thepreferredspellingsincludesomeAmericanformsandsomeBritish,[2]andCanadiansaresomewhatmoretolerantofforeignforms.[3]AustralianspellinghasalsodivergedsomewhatfromBritishspelling,withsomeAmericanspellingsincorporatedasstandard.[4]Latin-derivedspellings-our,-orMostw
6、ordsendinginanunstressed-ourinBritishEnglish(e.g.colour,flavour,harbour,honour,humour,labour,neighbour,rumour)endin-orinAmericanEnglish(cf.color,flavor,honor,harbor,neighbor,rumor,labor,humor).Whereverthevowelisunreducedinpronunciation,thisdoesnotoccur:e.g.contour,velour,paramourandtroub
7、adourarespelledthusthesameeverywhere.MostwordsofthiscategoryderivefromLatinnon-agentnounshavingnominative-or;thefirstsuchborrowingsintoEnglishwerefromearlyOldFrenchandtheendingwas-oror-ur.[5]AftertheNormanConquest,theendingbecame-ourinAnglo-Frenchinanattempttorepresentthe
