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1、Inthisargumenttheauthorrecommends/concludes/assertsthat…Therecommendation/conclusionisonthebasisoftheevidencethat…Morepresisely,itisarguedsince…Inaddition,theauthorcitesstatisticsindicatingthat….Compellingasitappearstobeatfirstsight/atthefirstblush,thelineofreasoningoftheauthorsuffersfromsev
2、eralcriticalflaws.Therefore,theargumentisunwarrantedasitstands.Themostglaringproblemthatsignificantlyunderminestheargumentisthat…/Theargumentisflawedprimarilybecause…Evenifweconcedetheprecedingassumptionthat…anotherissuetobeaddressedis…Finally…Tosumup,thecredibilityoftheauthor’sassertionisca
3、lledintoquestionsince……Torendertheargumentlogicallyacceptableandpersuasive,theauthorwouldhavetodemonstratethat…Onlybyprovidingacontextunderwhichallthepossiblefactorsaretakenintoaccount,canwepromoteamorecomprehensiveevaluationoftheargument.1.allthingsareequalTheauthorcommitsthefallacyof“allth
4、ingsareequal”.Inotherwords,theargumentisbasedonthecurrentsituation,butpresentconditionsmaynotnecessarilycontinueinthefuture.Whatif…?Thiswouldmakeitdifficult,ifnotimpossible,for…to…Theconclusionisbasedonanupwardtrendderivedfromdatafortwoyears.However,datafromonlytwoyearsprovideratherweakevide
5、nceofatrend.Additionalevidencethatprovidesacontext…willpromoteamoresolidevalutionoftheprediction.2.falseanalogyTheauthorunfairlyassumesthatstrategiesdrawnfromAareapplicabletoB/canbeappliedtoB…/Given(+that)…3.Insufficient-sampleTheargumentmovesfromaparticularsample,thatis,…,toageneralizationc
6、oncerning…,whichisinsufficienttolendsupporttowhattheauthorclaims.Anyexampleof…contradictsthegeneralizationof…/Specificinformationthatsuggeststhat…wouldsupportthegeneralizedargument.4.causaloversimplificationThesequenceoftheseevents,bythemselves,isnotsufficienttodemonstratethattheformercauses
7、thelatterbecauseachronologicalrelationshipisonlyoneoftheindicatorsofacausalrelationshipbetweentwoevents./However,themerefactthat…precedes…isinsufficienttoconcludethatitcausestheseevents.Perhaps…Moreover,…maynotnecessarilyindicatethat…Itisalsohighly
