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1、ITHINK,THEREFOREILAUGHThispageintentionallyleftblankITHINK,THEREFOREILAUGHTheFlipSideofPhilosophyJOHNALLENPAULOSCCOLUMBIAUNIVERSITYPRESSNEWYORKColumbiaUniversityPressPublishersSince1893NewYorkChichester,WestSussexCopyright©2000JohnAllenPaulosAllrightsreservedLibraryof
2、CongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPaulos,JohnAllen.Ithink,thereforeIlaugh:theflipsideofphilosophy/JohnAllenPaulos.—[2nded.]p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.167)andindex.ISBN0–231–11914–3.—ISBN0–231–11915–1(pbk.)1.Logic.2.PhilosophyHumor.I.Title.BC71.P382000
3、190.’207—dc2199–34799∞CaseboundeditionsofColumbiaUniversityPressbooksareprintedonperma-nentanddurableacid-freepaper.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericap10987654321Formywife,SheilaThispageintentionallyleftblankCONTENTSPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONixchapteroneTWOUNLIKELYPAIRS
4、OFMEN1Introduction2WittgensteinandCarroll4GrouchoMeetsRussell8chaptertwoLOGIC13Either-Or14YouBetYourLife20Sillygisms23TheTitlofThisSectionContainsThreeErors30Russell’sDr.GoldbergandDr.Rubin35LanguageandMetalanguage:DoYouGetIt?40Meaning,Reference,andDoraBlack’sFirstHus
5、band48Analyticvs.Synthetic,Boolevs.Boyle,andMathematicsvs.Cookery52Miscellany58VIIICONTENTSchapterthreeSCIENCE63Induction,Causality,andHume’sEggs64TheTortoiseCameFirst?71OfBirdsandStrangeColors76Truths,Half-Truths,andStatistics83Duhem,Poincaré,andthePoconos-CatskillDi
6、et89Reductionism,Fallibilism,andOpportunism95RandomnessandtheBerryTask102DeterminismandSmartComputers110Bell’sInequalityandWeirdness114OnAssumptions124chapterfourPEOPLE131Context,Complexity,andArtificialIntelligence132WhyDidHeJustNowTouchHisHead?139Arrow,Prisoners,and
7、Compromise150AFTERWORD161BIBLIOGRAPHY167INDEX173PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONIThink,ThereforeILaughisthesecondofmysixbooks,andithasbeenoutofprintforawhile.WhenColumbiaUniversityPressaskedmeifIwouldbeinterestedinreissu-ingitandwritinganewpreface,Iimmediatelyagreed.Withanau
8、thor’smyopicvanity,perhaps,Ihavealwayslikedthislittlebook,inspired,asitwas,byWittgenstein’squipthatabookonphilosophymightcon