社会科学研究方法：研究设计的准则

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1、PrinciplesofResearchDesignintheSocialSciencesPrinciplesofResearchDesignintheSocialSciencesisabookforresearcherswhoknowwhattheywanttostudy,butwhohaveyettodecidehowbesttostudyit.Thisbookdoesnotaimtoprovideasetofrigidrecipesforsocialscientists–likemanymethodologybooksdo–rat

2、heritisintendedtostimulatethemtothinkabouttheissuesinvolvedwhendecidingupontheirresearchdesign.Bydiscussingstandardapproachestoresearchdesignandmethodinvariousdisciplineswithinthesocialsciences,theauthorsillustratewhyparticulardesignshavetraditionallypredominatedincertai

3、nareasofstudy.Butwhilsttheyacknowledgethestrengthsofthesestandardapproaches,BechhoferandPaterson’semphasisisonhelpingresearcherstofindthemosteffectivesolutiontotheirgivenproblem,encouragingthem,throughthisfamiliaritywiththeprinciplesofavarietyofapproaches,toinnovatewhere

4、appropriate.PrinciplesofResearchDesignintheSocialScienceswillproveindispensabletostudentsofalllevelsinthesocialsciencesembarkinguponaresearchproject,andtoexperiencedresearcherslookingforafreshperspectiveontheirobjectofstudy.FrankBechhoferisProfessorattheResearchCentrefor

5、SocialSciencesattheUniversityofEdinburgh.LindsayPatersonisProfessorintheFacultyofEducationattheUniversityofEdinburgh.ContentsPrefaceviiAcknowledgementsx1Fundamentals:comparisonandcontrol12Experiments143Representativeness314Thechoiceoflocaleandgroup435Tointerviewornottoin

6、terview556Structuredquestionnaires727Fieldwork918Time1049Policyresearch12010Journalismandliterature134Guidetofurtherreading149Bibliography155Index167PrefaceIfyouwanttoplanapieceofempiricalsocialresearch,youhavetomakedecisionsabouthowtheresearchistobecarriedout.Youhavetoc

7、hooseasetofprocedureswhichenableyouraimsandobjectivestoberealisedinpractice.Theaimofthisbookistohelpyoutodothat–notbyprovidingasetofrecipes,butbystimulatingyoutothinkabouttheissuesinvolvedinchoosingaresearchdesign.Sothebookiswrittenmainlyforsocialscientistswhohavedonelit

8、tleresearchbefore,whoalreadyhaveabroadideaofwhattheywanttostudy,butwhoarejustbeginningtoworkouthowtostu