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1、StatisticalScience2008,Vol.23,No.4,439464DOI:10.1214/09-STS282©InstituteofMathematicalStatistics,2008TheStatisticalAnalysisoffMRIDataMartinA.LindquistAbstract.InrecentyearstherehasbeenexplosivegrowthinthenumberofneuroimagingstudiesperformedusingfunctionalMagneticResonanceIm
2、aging(fMRI).ThefieldthathasgrownaroundtheacquisitionandanalysisoffMRIdataisintrinsicallyinterdisciplinaryinnatureandinvolvescontri-butionsfromresearchersinneuroscience,psychology,physicsandstatistics,amongothers.AstandardfMRIstudygivesrisetomassiveamountsofnoisydatawithacomp
3、licatedspatio-temporalcorrelationstructure.Statisticsplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingthenatureofthedataandobtainingrelevantresultsthatcanbeusedandinterpretedbyneuroscientists.InthispaperwediscusstheanalysisoffMRIdata,fromtheinitialacquisitionoftherawdatatoitsuseinlocatingbr
4、ainactivity,makinginferenceaboutbrainconnec-tivityandpredictionsaboutpsychologicalordiseasestates.Alongtheway,weillustrateinterestingandimportantissueswherestatisticsalreadyplaysacrucialrole.Wealsoseektoillustrateareaswherestatisticshasperhapsbeenunderutilizedandwillhaveani
5、ncreasedroleinthefuture.Keywordsandphrases:fMRI,brainimaging,statisticalanalysis,chal-lenges.1.INTRODUCTIONchangesthataccompanyneuronalactivitywithrela-tivelyhighspatialresolution,butwithatemporalreso-Functionalneuroimaginghasexperiencedanexplo-lutionlimitedbythemuchslowerr
6、ateofbrainhemo-sivegrowthinrecentyears.Currentlythereexistadynamics.Whileeachmodalityisinterestinginitsownnumberofdifferentimagingmodalitiesthatallowre-right,thisarticlefocusesonstatisticalissuesrelatedtosearcherstostudythephysiologicalchangesthatac-fMRIwhichinthepastfewyea
7、rshastakenadominantcompanybrainactivation.Eachofthesetechniquespositioninthefieldofneuroimaging.hasadvantagesanddisadvantagesandeachprovidesaFunctionalMRIisanoninvasivetechniqueforstudy-uniqueperspectiveonbrainfunction.Ingeneral,theseingbrainactivity.DuringthecourseofanfMRIe
8、x-techniquesarenotconcernedwiththebehaviorofsin-periment,aseriesofbrainimagesareac
