Transmission and wind energy

《Transmission and wind energy》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、TransmissionandWindEnergy:CapturingthePrevailingWindsfortheBenefitofCustomersnaattionionalgrdTransmissionandWindEnergy:CapturingthePrevailingWindsfortheBenefitofCustomersSeptember2006TableofContentsPageExecutiveSummary1DrivingTrends3RegulatoryandPublicPolicy3Indus

2、tryDevelopments4ChallengesofWindPower6ReliableandSustainableWindOperation6Intermittency6WindForecasting7ElectricityStorage7ImbalanceCharges8CapacityValue8GettingInterconnected9WindSourceRemoteness9Micrositing10StatusofUSTransmissionInfrastructure10InterconnectionP

3、rocessandQueueIssues11Project-by-projectApproach11Deliverability12NeedforEffectiveRegionalPlanningandEffectiveTransmissionPolicies12ProblemswithExistingUSTransmissionPlanning14KeyConsiderationsforRenewables14RenewableTrunkLines14LinkingStateRPSProgramswithComprehe

4、nsiveTransmissionPlanning15CooperationAmongStates15IncentivesforTransmissionInvestmentandIndependenceCanHelpWindDevelopment16TransmissionIncentives16Conclusion17AppendixA:ProblemswithExistingUSTransmissionPlanning18NotGearedtoComprehensiveRegionalNeeds18MayNotFaci

5、litateLongTransmissionLeadTimes18TooNarrowlyFocusedonMinimumReliabilityRequirements18TransmissionisOftenMistakenlyConsideredaMarketProduct19AchievingEffectiveRegionalPlanning19CriticalComponentsofEffectiveRegionalPlanning19ExecutiveSummaryThepotentialbenefitsofwin

6、dpowerasaclean,renewable,economic,domesticallyavail-ablepowersourcehavecapturedtheattentionofenergypolicyleaders,consumers,andtheelectricityindustry.TheUnitedStates(US)hastremendouswindenergyresources.CaliforniaisviewedasoneoftheleadersinthemodernUSwindindustryint

7、ermsofcapacityinstalled;however,16otherstateshaveevengreaterwindpotential.Onlyasmallportionofthatpotentialhasbeentapped.TheUScurrentlyderivesapproximately1%ofitselectricityfromwindpower,whereaspartsofEuropeusewindpowertomeetupto25%ormoreoftheirelectricityneeds.In2

8、005,windpowerintheUSgrewrapidlyandbecamemorecompetitiveasvolatilenatu-ralgaspricesincreasedandcrudeoilpricesreachedrecordhighs.Improvedtechnology,federa