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1、THEIDEAOFJUSTICEANDTHEPROBLEMOFARGUMENTbyCh.PerelmanProfessorofLogicandEthics,UniversityofBrusselsWithanInuroductionbyH.L.A.HartProfessorofJurisprudence,UniversityofOxfordTranslatedfromtheFrenchbyJohnPetrieLONDONROUTLEDGE&KEGANPAULNEWYORK:THEHUMANITIESPRESS-iii-Published19
2、63byRoutledge&KeganPaulLimitedBroadwayHouse,68-74CarterLaneLondon,E.C.4PrintedinGreatBritainbyRichardClay&CompanyLtdBungay,Suffolk©Ch.Perelman1963Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformwithoutpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptforthequotationofbriefpassagesincriticism-iv-CO
3、NTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviINTRODUCTIONBYH.L.A.HART,M.A.viiI.CONCERNINGJUSTICE1i.SettingoftheProblem1ii.FormalJustice11iii.TheContradictionsofJusticeandEquity29iv.EqualityandRegularity36v.TheArbitraryinJustice45vi.Conclusion59THETHREEASPECTSOFJUSTICE61III.THERULEOFJUSTICE79IV
4、.THEROLEOFDECISIONINTHETHEORYOFKNOWLEDGE88V.THESPECIFICNATUREOFJURIDICALPROOF98VI.SELF-EVIDENCEANDPROOF109VII.OPINIONSANDTRUTH125VIII.THENEWRHETORIC134IX.LOGIC,LANGUAGEANDCOMMUNICATION143X.THESOCIALCONTEXTSOFARGUMENTATION154XI.THEDIALECTICALMETHODANDTHEPARTPLAYEDBYTHEINTER
5、LOCUTORINDIALOGUE161XII.ACTANDPERSONINARGUMENT168XIII.PRAGMATICARGUMENTS196INDEX208-v-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSforpermissiontopublishpapersappearinginthisvolume,someintranslationandsomeintheiroriginalEnglish,aregratefullymadetothefollowingpublishersandjournals:PressesUniversitaires
6、deFrance.LesEditionsduGriffon,Neuchatel.Dialectica,Neuchatel.RevueInternationalsdePhilosophie,Brussels.EtudesPhilosophiques,Paris.CahiersInternationauxdeSociologie,Paris.Philosophy,London.Ethics,Chicago.ProceedingsoftheThirtiethIndianPhilosophicalCongress,1955,Nagpur.Philo
7、sophyToday,Carthagena.JournaldesTribunaux,Brussels.Sansoni,Florence.-vi-INTRODUCTIONM.CH.PERELMAN,someofwhoseimportantworkisnowmadeaccessibletoEnglishreadersinthisvolume,isamasteroftwodisciplines:philosophyandlaw.Itisthereforealtogethernaturalthatmanyofhiswritingsshouldbec
8、oncernedwiththeconceptofjusticeandwithformsofdiscursiveargumentotherthandeductivereasonin
