[RMP 1999] Experiments and theory in cold a

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1、ExperimentsandtheoryincoldandultracoldcollisionsJohnWeinerLaboratoryforAtomic,Molecular,andOpticalScienceandEngineering,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,Maryland20742VanderleiS.BagnatoandSergioZilioInstitutodeFı´sicadeSa˜oCarlosUniversidadedeSa˜oPaulo,Sa˜oCarlos,Sa˜oPaul

2、o13560,BrazilPaulS.JulienneAtomicPhysicsDivision,NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,Maryland20899TheauthorsreviewprogressinunderstandingthenatureofatomiccollisionsoccurringattemperaturesrangingfromthemillidegreesKelvintothenanodegreesKelvinregime.Ther

3、eviewincludesadvancesinexperimentswithatombeams,lighttraps,andpurelymagnetictraps.Semiclassicalandfullyquantaltheoriesaredescribedandtheirappropriateapplicabilityassessed.Thereviewdividesthesubjectintotwoprincipalcategories:collisionsinthepresenceofoneormorelight®eldsand

4、ground-statecollisionsinthedark.[S0034-6861(99)00101-4]CONTENTSf.Sodium-potassiummixed-speciestraploss37g.Rare-gasmetastablelossinMOTsandopticallattices38I.Foreword2B.Ground-statetrap-losscollisions39II.GeneralIntroduction21.Hyper®ne-changingcollisions39III.Introductiont

5、oColdCollisionTheory5a.Cesiumandrubidium39A.Basicconceptsofscatteringtheory5b.Sodium40B.QuantumpropertiesasE!082.Summarycomparisonoftrap-lossrateC.Collisionsinalight®eld10constants40IV.ExperimentalMethodsfortheStudyofColdVI.PhotoassociationSpectroscopy41Collisions12A.Int

6、roduction41A.Atomtraps12B.Photoassociationatambientandcold1.Lightforces12temperatures422.Themagneto-opticaltrap(MOT)14C.Associativeandphotoassociativeionization43a.Basicnotions141.Photoassociativeionizationatsmalldetuning46b.DensitiesinaMOT152.PAIandmolecularhyper®nestru

7、cture473.DarkSPOTMOT153.Two-colorPAI474.Thefar-offresonancetrap(FORT)15D.PhotoassociationspectroscopyinMOTsand5.Magnetictraps16FORTs50B.Atombeams171.Sodium50V.InelasticExoergicCollisionsinMOTS182.Rubidium52A.Excited-statetrap-losscollisions183.Lithium531.Earlyquasistatic

8、models184.Potassium54a.Gallagher-Pritchardmodel18E.Atomiclifetimesfromphotoassociationb.Julienne-VigueÂ