Electric-Power_Ancillary_Services

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1、ORNL/CON-426ENERGYDIVISIONELECTRIC-POWERANCILLARYSERVICESERICHIRSTandBRENDANKIRBYFebruary1996SponsoredbyCompetitiveResourceStrategiesProgramOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyU.S.DepartmentofEnergyOAKRIDGENATIONALLABORATORYOakRidge,Tennessee37831managedbyLOCKHEEDMARTINENERGY

2、RESEARCHCORPORATIONfortheU.S.DEPARTMENTOFENERGYundercontractNo.DE-AC05-96OR22464CONTENTSPageSUMMARY...............................................................................................................................vLISTOFACRONYMS.........................................

3、.................................................................vii1.INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1BACKGROUND.............................................................................

4、...............................1RECENTEVENTS........................................................................................................32.SUGGESTEDANCILLARYSERVICES...........................................................................7SCHEDULINGANDDISPATCH........

5、........................................................................9LOADFOLLOWING..................................................................................................10OPERATINGRESERVES...............................................................................

6、...........16ENERGYIMBALANCE.............................................................................................18REAL-POWER-LOSSREPLACEMENT...................................................................20VOLTAGECONTROL..................................................

7、.............................................22OTHERSERVICES.....................................................................................................233.DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................

8、..........29UNRESOLVEDISSU