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1、JournalofInternationalEconomics94(2014)277–294ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofInternationalEconomicsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jieCorruptionandfirmbehavior:EvidencefromAfricanportsa,⁎,SimeonDjankovbSandraSequeiraaLSE,UnitedKingdombWorldBank,UnitedStatesarticleinfoab
2、stractArticlehistory:Thispaperinvestigateshowcorruptionaffectsfirmbehavior.UsinganoriginalandunusuallyrichdatasetonReceived23September2013bribepaymentsatportsmatchedtofirm-leveldata,weobservehowfirmsadapttodifferenttypesofcorruptionReceivedinrevisedform16August2014byadjustingtheirtransportstrat
3、egies.Ourresultssuggestthatfirmsrespondtothepriceeffectsofcorruption,Accepted24August2014organizingproductioninawaythatincreasesordecreasesdemandforthepublicservice.Availableonline4September2014©2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.JELclassification:D22D73L91O12R41Keywords:CorruptionFirmbehaviorT
4、ransportPortsTradecosts1.IntroductionThisisaparticularlyimportantsettinggivenrenewedinterestinunder-standingthemicro-leveldriversoftradecosts(FrankelandRomer,Theimpactofcorruptiononeconomicactivityhasbeenextensively1999;LimaoandVenables,2001;ObstfeldandRogoff,2001;Anderson2debatedinthelitera
5、ture.Onelineofargumentisthatbribescancreatedi-andWincoop,2004).rectincentivesforbureaucratstoperform,orallowprivateagentstoTheimpactofcorruptiononfirm-leveltradecostsistheoreticallyovercomecumbersomeregulations.Inbothcases,corruptioncouldleadambiguous:corruptioncanincreasecostsifbribesincreas
6、ethefinaltoanimprovementintheoverallallocativeefficiencyofpublicresourcespriceofclearingservices,orcorruptioncandecreasecostsifbribes(Leff,1964;Huntington,1968;Lui,1985).Asecondlineofargumentisallowfirmstoavoidsignificantclearingfeessuchastariffduties.Tothatbribesaremostlysetaccordingtothestrate
7、gicpreferencesofbu-shedlightonthisquestion,weexaminetheimpactofcorruptiononreaucrats,distortingprivateagents'decisionsanddecreasingallocativefirmbehaviorthatisdirectlyaffectedbychangesinmarginalpricesofefficiency(Krueger,1974;Klitgaard1988;Shleiferan
