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1、1148IEEETRANSACTIONSONPA’ITERNANALYSISANDMACHINEINTELLIGENCE,VOL.15,NO.11,NOVEMBER1993HighConfidenceVisualRecognitionofPersonsbyaTestofStatisticalIndependenceJohnG.DaugmanAbstruct-Amethodforrapidvisualrecognitionofpersonalwellassomeofthenumerousgeometricfacialmeasure
2、mentsidentityisdescribed,basedonthefailureofastatisticaltestofcurrentlybeingtried,aredescribedin[17],[25].independence.ThemostuniquephenotypicfeaturevisibleinaTodaythereisrenewedinterestinreliable,rapid,andperson’sfaceisthedetailedtextureofeacheye’siris:Anestimateofi
3、tsstatisticalcomplexityinasampleofthehumanpopulationunintrusivemeansforautomaticallyrecognizingtheidentityrevealsvariationcorrespondingtoseveralhundredindependentofpersons.Securitybreachesinaccesstorestrictedareasatdegrees-of-freedom.Morphogeneticrandomnessinthetextu
4、reairportsareknowntohavecontributedtoterrorism;andcreditexpressedphenotypicallyintheiristrabecularmeshworkensurescardfraudnowcostssixbilliondollarsannually[3].Otherthatatestofstatisticalindependenceontwocodedpatternsapplicationsforhighconfidencepersonalidentification
5、includeoriginatingfromdifferenteyesispassedalmostcertainly,whereasthesametestisfailedalmostcertainlywhenthecomparedcodespassportcontrol,bankautomatictellermachines,protectedoriginatefromthesameeye.Thevisibletextureofaperson’sirisaccesstopremisesorassets,lawenforcemen
6、t,governmentin-inareal-timevideoimageisencodedintoacompactsequencetelligence,entitlementverification,birthcertificates,licenses,ofmulti-scalequadrature2-DGaborwaveletcoefficients,whoseandanyexistinguseofkeysorcards.Someoftheidentifyingmost-significantbitscomprisea256
7、-byte“iriscode.”StatisticalbiometricfeaturesnowunderinvestigationforpotentialusedecisiontheorygeneratesidentificationdecisionsfromExclusive-ORcomparisonsofcompleteiriscodesattherateof4000perincludehandgeometry,bloodvesselpatternsintheretinasecond,includingcalculation
8、ofdecisionconfidencelevels.Theorhand,fingerprints,voice-prints,andhandwrittensignaturedistributionsobservedempiricallyinsuchcompari
