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1、Rosenstein/CompaniontotheRomanRepublic1405102179_4_011FinalProofpage23610.6.20066:39pmACompaniontotheRomanRepublicEditedbyNathanRosenstein,RobertMorstein-MarxCopyright©2006byBlackwellPublishingLtdCHAPTER11LawintheRomanRepublicMichaelC.AlexanderTheRomanRepublic
2、witnessedthedevelopmentofthecentralconcepts,doctrines,andproceduresconnectedwithRomanLaw.AlthoughmostofoursourcesforRomanLawdatefromalaterperiod,theauthorsoftheselatersourcesrefinedwhatthelegalcreativityoftheRepublichadalreadytransmittedtothem.‘‘Thejuristsof1t
3、hePrincipateperfectedtheworkofthegreatoriginatorsoftheRepublic.’’Thischapterdescribestheinstitutionalframeworkthatcreatedafieldofintellectualendeavorthat,perhapsmorethananyother,theRomanscreatedforthemselves,ratherthanborrowingandadaptingconceptionsfromtheGree
4、ks.EvidenceJustaswemustviewclassicalRomanLawthroughtheprismoflaterevidencedatingfromLateAntiquity,ourunderstandingofRomanLawasitdevelopedduringtheRepublicisbasedlargelyonsourcesfromtheendofthatperiodorfromtheearlyprincipate,suchasCicero,DionysiusofHalicarnassu
5、s,andLivy.Therefore,thischapterwillfocusprimarilyonthelaterRepublic,sincemostofwhatweknoworguessabouttheearlyRepublicanlawisbasedonsourcesfromamuchlaterdate.Evenifthesesourcesareostensiblydealingwith,e.g.,thefifthcenturyBC,theirviewsareofteninfluencedbythelega
6、lsystemthatfunctionedintheirowntime.Thenatureofourliterarysourcesimposesanadditionaldistortiononourunder-standingofRomanLaw.Theimperialsourcesareoverwhelminglyjuristic,thatis,theypresentviewsaboutthelawingeneral,eveniftosomeextent(andmodernscholarsdebatetowhat
7、extent)theseviewsmayreflectopinionsaboutrealcases.FromthelateRepublic,ontheotherhand,wepossessovertwentyforensicspeechesthatoriginatedinrealtrials.Legalhistorianstendtofindthesespeechessomewhatunsatisfactoryassourcematerials,foranumberofreasons:(1)theydonotrep
8、resentRosenstein/CompaniontotheRomanRepublic1405102179_4_011FinalProofpage23710.6.20066:39pmMichaelC.Alexander237precisecopiesofthespeechesasdelivered;(2)theywerecraftedbyadvocates
