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1、NanoStructuredMaterials,Vol.11,No.8,pp.1335±1342,1999ElsevierScienceLtdPergamonCopyright©2000ActaMetallurgicaInc.PrintedintheUSA.Allrightsreserved.0965-9773/99/$±seefrontmatterPIIS0965-9773(00)00426-8INTERFACESINNANOSTRUCTURES:OPTICALINVESTIGATIONSONCLUSTER-MATTERU.Kreibig,M.Gartz,A.Hilgerand
2、R.NeuendorfI.PhysikalischesInstitutderRWTH,Aachen,Germany(ReceivedDecember27,1999)(AcceptedDecember28,1999)AbstractÐTheimportanceoftheinternalinterfacesbetweenstructuralelementsandtheirsurroundingsfortheelectronicpropertiesofnanostructuredmaterialsisstressedbygivingabriefoverviewofrecentoptic
3、alexperimentsonseveraldifferentkindsofcluster-matter:(1)TheMie-absorptionofsilvernanoparticlesembeddedinvarioussolidmatrixmaterialswasusedtoobtaininformationaboutstaticanddynamicchargetransferintheinterlayersandtheirimpactontheplasmondephasinglifetime.(2)Effectsofchemicalsurfacereactionsarede
4、monstratedforsilverclustersreactingwithoxygen,sulphurandtripenylphosphine.(3)Theoccurrenceofstructuralandelectronicphasetransitionsduringhydrogenationofyttrium(whichiswell-knownforextendedmatter)isdemonstratedforthefirsttimeforclusters.(4)Non-linearopticalbi-stabilityisshownforsilver-coatedCd
5、S-clusters.ThispaperwaspresentedatTheFourthInternationalConferenceonNanostructuredMaterials,NANO`98,July1998,Stockholm/Sweden.©2000ActaMetallurgicaInc.I.IntroductionInterfacelayers,beingbasictopologicalconstituentsofnanostructuredsystems,havestrongimpactupontheirstructuralandelectronicpropert
6、ies.Duetotheextremelywiderangeandvariabilityoftopologicalstructurestobefoundinnanostruc-turedmatter,theirinvestigationisrendereddifficultand,hence,theimportantroleofsuchinterfaceshasnotyetfoundtheconsiderationitdeserves.Toobtainquantitativeinformation,atall,modelsystemsofwell-knownandsimpleto
7、pology,likecluster-matterhavetobeselected.Wepresentseveralrecentinvestigationsonthemodelsystemofcluster-matter,i.e.thetwo-componentsystemofnanoparticles(nano's)ofuniformchemicalcompositionand(almost)uniformsizesandshapes,embeddedinhomogeneous
