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1、NanoStructuredMaterials,Vol.11,No.8,pp.1181±1193,1999ElsevierScienceLtdPergamonCopyright©2000ActaMetallurgicaInc.PrintedintheUSA.Allrightsreserved.0965-9773/99/$±seefrontmatterPIIS0965-9773(99)00409-2CLUSTERSIZEEFFECTOBSERVEDFORGOLDNANOPARTICLESSYNTHESIZEDB
2、YSOL-GELTECHNIQUEASSTUDIEDBYX-RAYPHOTOELECTRONSPECTROSCOPYS.ShuklaandS.Seal*AdvancedMaterialsProcessingAnalysisCenter,DepartmentofMechanical,MaterialsandAerospaceEngineering,UniversityofCentralFlorida,Orlando,Florida(ReceivedAugust23,1999)(AcceptedNovember2
3、1,1999)AbstractÐGoldnanoparticleshavebeensynthesizedbysol-geltechnique.AFManalysisshowsthepresenceof#12±14nmand40±60nmsizedparticlesforH2S/notheatedandH2S/heatedsamplesrespectively.XPSanalysisofH2S/notheatedsamplerevealsthatthecore-levelAu4f7/2B.E.isshifted
4、by10.3eVwithincreaseintheFWHMby0.2eVrelativetotherespectivebulkvaluesof84.0eVand1.1eV.Theresultsareinterpretedintermsofthechangesintheelectronicstructureduetofiniteclustersizeandcreationof1vechargeoverthesurfaceofclusterduringthephotoemissionprocessitself.T
5、heelectronicstructureofAunanoparticles(orclusters)producedbypresentsol-geltechniqueiscomparedwiththatofAuclustersdepositedbyevaporationmethoddescribedintheliterature.©2000ActaMetallurgicaInc.IntroductionThephysicochemicalpropertiesaswellasmagneticandoptical
6、propertiesofnanometersizedmaterialsareveryuniqueandaredifferentfromtheirbulkcounterparts(1).Besides,therequirementforhigherfunctionality,increasedmemorydensity,andhigherspeedaredrivingtheneedforsmallerdimensionsinvariousmicroelectronicindustries.Nanomateria
7、ls,thus,holdpromisingfutureasprecursorsforbuildingcomponentsofchips(2),forthedevelopmentofsensors(3),forgeneratingverysmallactiveelementsinmagneticrecording(4),andalsoasfunctionalbiologicalmaterials(5).Workisunderprogressinourlaboratorytosynthesize(bysol-ge
8、lmethod)andcharacterizesulfidenanoparticlesofgroupIBelementsoftheperiodictable(6,7).SynthesisandthecharacterizationofCuSnanoparticlesofsize2±5nmhavealreadybeenreported(6).Thepresentarticlediscussesthes
