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1、InterconnectionInterconnectionStandardsStandardsforforPVPVSystemsSystemsWhereWherearearewe?we?WhereWherearearewewegoing?going?AbrahamEllisSandiaNationalLaboratoriesaellis@sandia.govCedarRapids,IA–October2009GeneratorInterconnectionStandards•Establishuniformtechnicalandprocedural
2、requirementsforinterconnectionofgenerationontheelectricgrid•Interconnectionstandardsaredrivenby–Safety(peopleandproperty)–Gridreliability,performance–Costconsiderations–Fairness(“…justandreasonable,andnotundulydiscriminatoryorpreferential”)WhatInterconnectionStandardsandProcedur
3、esApply?BulkSystemGuidelinesNERC,FERCIEEE,ANSI,IECNESCPlentyoftechnicalandjurisdictionaloverlap,confusion,contradiction…DistributionSystemGuidelinesIEEE1547,PUC/PRCIEEE,ANSI,IECNECFederal‐JurisdictionalInterconnectionStandards(FERCOrder)•Applytogenerators,participatinginwholesal
4、emarket,regardlessofsizeandinterconnectionlocation–TSO/DSOfollowpro‐formaproceduresviaOATT•Proceduresandrequirementsgenerallybasedonsize–LargeGeneratingFacilities(>20MW):LGIP/LGIA–SmallGeneratingFacilities(SGF)(<20MW):SGIP/SGIA•SGIPhasstreamlinedprocessforsmallerDER–FastTrackPro
5、cessforcertaingeneratorsnolargerthan2MW–10kWInverterProcessforcertifiedinverter‐basedgeneratorsnolargerthan10kW(SGIPAttachment5)State‐JurisdictionalInterconnectionStandards(PUC/PRCRule)•Applytogeneratorsuptoacertainsize,connectedtothegrid,butnotparticipatinginwholesalemarket–Net
6、Metering,PURPAorsimilararrangementfor“sale”ofelectricitytothehostutilityonly–TypicallycoverREandotherDG,allcustomerclasses•Proceduresandstandardsvarybystate–GenerallyconformwithFERCSGIP,butsomehavesignificantdifferences•TechnicalstandardsfocusedonthedistributionsystemandDERState
7、‐JurisdictionalInterconnectionStandardswww.dsireusa.org/July2009WA:20,000MT:50*MN:10,000VT:nolimitOR:25/2,000*NH:100*WI:15,000NY:2,000MA:nolimitSD:10,000MI:nolimitWY:25*CT:20,000PA:nolimitNE:25*IN:nolimitNJ:2,000*NV:20,000OH:20,000MD:10,000CO:10,000IL:10,000CA:nolimitVA:20,000DC
8、:10,000UT:25/2,000*KS:25/200*MO:100*KY:30*NC:no
