分子间和分子内的相互作用力

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1、(IntermolecularForces)<<化学原理和无机化学>>之物质结构（3）分子间作用力Dr.XiaogaiYangDepartmentofChemicalBiologySchoolofPharmaceuticalSciencesPekingUniversityEmail:yxg@bjmu.edu.cnHowDrugworks--Amajorityofpharmacologicresponsesaremediatedthroughreceptors--WeakInteractionsAreCr

2、ucialtoMacromolecularStructureandFunction云腾致雨露结为霜IntermolecularForcesStatesofMatterKineticenergiesoftheparticleIntermolecularForcesTemperatureTheboilingpointandmeltingpointincreasewithincreasingintermolecularforces.MolecularpolarityInstantaneousdipolePer

3、manentdipoleIntermolecularforcesareelectrostaticforces.TheOriginationofIntermolecularForcesTypesofIntermolecularForcesOrientationForceInductionForceLondonDispersionForceH-BondingIon-DipoleForcesHydrophobicInteractionsOrientationForceDipole–DipoleForcePol

4、armoleculePolarmoleculeInductionForceDipole–InducedDipoleForcePolarmoleculePolarmoleculePolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculeLondonDispersionForceInducedDipole–InducedDipoleForcePolarmoleculePolarmoleculePolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculeNonpolarmolec

5、ulePolarizabilityDispersionforcetendstoincreasewithincreasingmolecularmassSummaryOrientationForceInductionForceDispersionForcePolarmoleculePolarmoleculePolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculeNonpolarmoleculevanderWaalsForces分子偶极矩（μ实）/10-30C·m取向力/kJ

6、·mol-1诱导力/kJ·mol-1色散力/kJ·mol-1总分子间作用力/kJ·mol-1沸点/KHI1.400.0250.11325.8726.00HBr2.670.690.50221.9423.11206.2HCl3.603.311.0016.8321.14189.2分子间作用能的分配ExerciseB.P.increasewiththeM.W.increasingException：H2O,HF和NH3WHY?ExceptforvanderWaalsforces,theremustbesomeo

7、therforce氢键(H-Bonding)X－H----YNOFFNO极性共价键anunsharedelectronpairOneofthesmalleratoms--X相同--Y相同--X,Y均相同----AhydrogenbondisanattractiveinteractionbetweenanunsharedelectronpaironanelectronegativeO,N,andFandapositivelypolarizedhydrogenatombondedtoanotherO,N,o

8、rF.highboilingpointslowboilingpoints分子间缔合，沸点升高，熔点升高---可形成分子间或分子内氢键Inter-&intra-molecularhydrogenbondAwatermoleculecanformuptofourhydrogenbonds.HydrogenbondingbyawatermoleculearoundamoleculeinthesolidintheliquidStructurean