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ID:39246425
大小:3.75 MB
页数:19页
时间:2019-06-28
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1、9.3ATaxonomyofOrientationsTimeEnvironmentstructureSpacePowerThinkingIndividualismContentscompetitiveness※EnvironmentBrakeetal.TrompenaarsNLP(Neo-LinguisticProgramming)ControlHarmonyconstraintInner-directedOuter-directedProactiveReactiveCulturesvaryintheirperceptionoftheenvironment.Theymayfeeltheyca
2、ncontroltheenvironment,attheoppositeendofthecline,theenvironment(includingsupernaturalforces,destiny,luck)hasameasureofcontroloverthem.TheU.S.Controlorientationair-conditioning“Thebucksstopshere”SouthernEuropeConstraintorientationAcceptanceofforcemajeurandactsofGodNative-AmericanandEasternDominanto
3、rientationInharmonywithenvironmentalforcesBrakeetal.HallNLP·single-focus·multi-focusMonochronicpolychronicThroughtimeIntime·fixed·fluidPast/Present/Future(Kluckholn)Awayfrom/Towards※TimeMonochronic/PolychronicTypeFeatureorFocusCountryExampleMonochronictimecutureTimeastheframe(schedules)TaskNorthEur
4、ope,AmericaIt’srudetointerruptameeting,client,orphonecalltoattendtoanotherpersonPolychronicormulti-focusculturesRelationshipsMulti-taskingMediterranean,Arab,SouthAmerica,andAsiaInbank,it’srudetoserveonlyonepersonandnottoanswerthephoneoranotherimportantperson.Fluidtime/FixedtimeFixedTime:1.time(tech
5、nically)2.apologybetween1and5minutes3.Justintime,andTimeandMotion4.American,German,SwissFluidtime:punctuality(flexibility)“subito”–immediately:I’llbewithyouwhenIhavefinishedwhatI’mdoing.DelaysFifteentothirtyminuteslateItalianacademictimeCheckwhichtimeisbeingtalkedaboutPast/Present/Future☆Past-orien
6、tedcultures:TraditionHistoricalcontextRoadnamesrecordinganeventorpersonalityinhistoryTelevisioninterviews(inBritainandItaly)☆Present-orientedculturesEmphasizethehereandnowHistoryisbunkandfutureisnotsoimportantTimewaitsfornoman.☆Future-orientedculturesJapanesePlanforthenexthundredyearsItaly※SpacePri
7、vate/PublicIndividualprivacyVmorepublicuseofspaceDistance/ProximityPreferencefordistance/lowphysicalcontactVproximity/highphysicalcontactTrompenaars:SpecificorientationopenaccesstopersonallifespaceDiffuseor
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