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1、Chapter5TheFormationofEnglishWords(1)—MajorTypesPointsforThinking1.Isthemorphemeaminimalunitinaword?Giveexamplestoillustrateyourjudgment.2.Whataretherelationsamongstems,rootsandaffixes?3.Doyouthinkthereissomethingincommonbetweeninflectionalandderivationalmorphemes?Whyorwhynot?4.Giveexample
2、stostatethecharacteristicsofconversion.5.Whydowesaythatcompoundsareusuallyeasytounderstandinmeaning?5.1NotionsofMorphologicalFormation5.1.1Morpheme:isthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.最小的有意义的单位最小的构词单位Morphemescanalsobeclassifiedintor
3、ootsandaffixes.WhatisusuallyconsideredasinglewordinEnglishmaybecomposedofoneormoremorphemes: Onemorpheme---nationTwomorphemes---nation-alThreemorphemes---nation-al-izeFourmorphemes---de-nation-al-ize（使…非国有化）Morethanfourmorphemes---de-nation-al-iz-ationSowecandefinemorphemeinthisway: thesma
4、llestunitintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent,aunitwhichcannotbedividedwithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetheritislexicalorgrammatical. ■Amorphemeisatwo-facetlanguageunitinthatitpossessesbothsoundandmeaning.5.1.2FreeandboundmorphemesFreemorphemes(自由词素）：Morphem
5、eswhichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree.Freemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.Afreemorphemeisonethatmayconstituteaword(freeform)byitself,inthetraditionalsense.能独立应用，有完整的意义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。e.g.man,faith,read,write,redBou
6、ndmorphemes(粘附词素):morphemesthatcannotoccurasseparatewords.Itcannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.Unlikefreemorphemes,theydonothaveindependentsemanticmeaning;instead,theyhaveattachedmeaningorgrammaticalmeaning.不能独立成词，只能依附于其它语素上以构成词或担当一定
7、的语法功能。e.g.-ly,re-,-ed,-sBoundmorphemecanchangethemeaningorwordclassofaword,e.g.fitandunfit,broadandbraoden;Itcanalsohavegrammaticalfunction,e.g.bookandbooks.5.1.3ContentandfunctionmorphemesMorphemescanalsobedividedintocontentmorphemesandfunctionmorphemes.Conte
