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1、REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,VOLUME82,JANUARY–MARCH2010MagneticpyrochloreoxidesJasonS.Gardner*NISTCenterforNeutronResearch,NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,Maryland20899-6102,USAandIndianaUniversity,2401MiloB.SampsonLane,Bloomington,Indiana47408-1
2、398,USA†MichelJ.P.GingrasDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,CanadaN2L3G1andCanadianInstituteforAdvancedResearch,180DundasStreetWest,Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5G1Z8‡JohnE.GreedanDepartmentofChemistryandBrockhouseInstituteforMaterial
3、sResearch,McMasterUniversity,Hamilton,Ontario,CanadaL8S4M1Published26January2010Withinthepast20yearsorso,therehasoccurredanexplosionofinterestinthemagneticbehaviorofpyrochloreoxidesofthetypeA23+B24+O7,whereAisarare-earthionandBisusuallyatransitionmetal.BoththeA
4、andBsitesformanetworkofcorner-sharingtetrahedrawhichisthequintessentialframeworkforageometricallyfrustratedmagnet.Inthesesystemsthenaturaltendencytoformlong-rangeorderedgroundstatesinaccordwiththethirdlawofthermodynamicsisfrustrated,resultinginsomenovelshort-rang
5、eorderedalternatives,suchasspinglasses,spinices,andspinliquids,andmuchnewphysics.Thisarticleattemptstoreviewthemyriadofpropertiesfoundinpyrochloreoxides,mainlyfromamaterialsperspective,butwithanappropriatetheoreticalcontext.DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.53PACSnumber
6、s:74.25.Ha,75.40.Cx,75.25.jCONTENTSa.Tl2Mn2O771b.Y2Mn2O772c.Ho2Mn2O7andYb2Mn2O775I.Introduction546.A2Ir2O7A=NdYb75A.Overview547.A2Mo2O7A=Gd,Nd,andSm77B.Motivationforthestudyoffrustration55a.Gd2Mo2O777C.Historicalperspective56b.Nd2Mo2O778D.Theoreticalbackgro
7、und57c.Sm2Mo2O779II.Materials59d.A2MoB2O779A.Crystalstructure60B.Spin-glassphases791.Spacegroupandatomicpositions601.Y2Mo2O7andTb2Mo2O7802.LocalenvironmentoftheAandBsites60a.Y2Mo2O7803.Alternativeviewsofthepyrochloreb.Tb2Mo2O783structure61c.OtherA2Mo2O7844.Phas
8、estability62C.Spin-icephases84B.Samplepreparationandcharacterization621.Dy2Ti2O7andHo2Ti2O787C.Metal-insulatortransitionsintheoxidepyrochlores632.A2Sn2O7A=Pr,
