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1、cen29305_ch16.qxd20/7/20069:10AMPage16-1CHAPTERHEATINGANDCOOLINGOF16BUILDINGShehousesinthepastwerebuilttokeeptherain,snow,andthievesoutwithhardlyanyattentiongiventoheatlossesandenergyconservation.CONTENTSTHouseshadlittleornoinsulation,andthestructureshadnumerous16–1ABriefHistory16-2cracksthroughwhi
2、chairleaked.Wehaveseendramaticchangesinthecon-16–2HumanBodyandThermalstructionofresidentialandcommercialbuildingsinthe20thcenturyasare-Comfort16-3sultofincreasedawarenessoflimitedenergyresourcestogetherwiththe16–3HeatTransferfromtheHumanBody16-8escalatingenergypricesandthedemandforahigherlevelofthe
3、rmalcomfort.Today,mostlocalcodesspecifytheminimumlevelofinsulationtobeusedin16–4DesignConditionsforHeatingandCooling16-12thewallsandtheroofofnewhouses,andoftenrequiretheuseofdouble-pane16–5HeatGainfromPeople,Lights,windows.Asaresult,today’shousesarewellinsulated,weatherproofed,andandAppliances16-21
4、nearlyairtight,andprovidebetterthermalcomfort.16–6HeatTransferthroughWallsandThefailuresandsuccessesofthepastoftenshedlighttothefuture,andthusRoofs16-26westartthischapterwithabriefhistoryofheatingandcoolingtoputthings16–7HeatLossfromBasementWallsintohistoricalperspective.Thenwediscussthecriteriafor
5、thermalcomfort,andFloors16-36whichistheprimaryreasonforinstallingheatingandcoolingsystems.Inthe16–8HeatTransferthroughremainderofthechapter,wepresentcalculationproceduresfortheheatingWindows16-42andcoolingloadsofbuildingsusingthemostrecentinformationanddesign16–9SolarHeatGainthroughcriteriaestablis
6、hedbytheAmericanSocietyofHeating,RefrigeratingandWindows16-52Air-ConditioningEngineers,Inc.(ASHRAE),whichpublishesandperiodi-16–10InfiltrationHeatLoadandcallyrevisesthemostauthoritativehandbooksinthefield.Thischapterisin-Weatherizing16-59tendedtointroducethereaderstoanexcitingapplicationareaofheatt
7、ransfer,16–11AnnualEnergyandtohelpthemdevelopadeeperunderstandingofthefundamentalsofheatConsumption16-63transferusingthisfamiliarsetup.ThereaderisreferredtoASHRAEhand-Summary16-69booksformoreinformation.Ref
