Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization

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1、REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,VOLUME82,JULY–SEPTEMBER2010Colloquium:EttoreMajoranaandthebirthofautoionization†‡E.Arimondo,*CharlesW.Clark,andW.C.MartinNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,Maryland20899,USA
Published2July2010InsomeoftheÞrstapplicationsofmodernquantummechanicstot

2、hespectroscopyofmany-electronatoms,EttoreMajoranain1931solvedseveraloutstandingproblemsbydevelopingthetheoryofautoionization.Laterliteraturemakesonlysporadicreferencestothisaccomplishment.Afterreviewinghisworkinitscontemporarycontext,wedescribesubsequentdevelopmentsinunderstandingthespectr

3、atreatedbyMajoranaandextensionsofhistheorytootherareasofphysics.SeveralpuzzlesarefoundconcerningthetreatmentofMajoranaÕsworkinthesubsequentliteratureandthewayinwhichthemoderntheoryofautoionizationwasdeveloped.DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1947PACSnumber
s:32.30.
rCONTENTSbirth
BassaniandTheCo

4、unciloftheItalianPhysicalSociety,2006.HeleftalargenumberofunpublishedscientiÞcmanuscripts,andseveralofthemhavebeenI.Introduction1947publishedrecently
Espositoetal.,2003,2008.SomeofII.TheStateofAtomicSpectroscopyca.19311948hiscontributionstotheoreticalphysicshavebeenre-A.Observedspectra19

5、48centlyreviewedbyWilczek
2009.B.Theoriesofunstableelectronicstates1950HisscientiÞcworkfocusedontwomaintopics:III.SymmetryConsiderationsforDoublyExcitedStates1950nuclearandelementaryparticlephysicsandatomicandIV.AnalysesoftheObservedDouble-ExcitationSpectra1950molecularphysics.Hisdoctoral

6、thesisinJuly1929wasaA.Doubleexcitationinhelium1951B.Theincompletenp23Ptermsinzinc,cadmium,andtheoreticalstudyofthestructureofthenucleusandthemercury1951mechanismofalphadecay.In1932hepublishedbrilliantV.ContemporaryandSubsequentWorkonandpioneeringresultsontheunitaryrepresentationsofAutoioni

7、zation1952theLorentzgroup
Majorana,1932bthatreceivedscantA.ShenstoneÕscontemporaryidentiÞcationofattentionandwererediscoveredyearslater
Fradkin,autoionization19521966.HeisprobablybestknowninphysicsasawholeB.Subsequentfoundationalworkonautoionization1953forhi