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1、LectureNotesforSolidStatePhysics(3rdYearCourse6)HilaryTerm2012cProfessorStevenH.SimonOxfordUniversityJanuary9,2012iShortPrefacetoMySecondYearLecturingThisCourseLastyearwasmyfirstyearteachingthiscourse.Infact,itwasmyfirstexperienceteachinganyundergraduatecourse.IadmitthatIlearnedquiteabitfromtheexp
2、erience.Thegoodnewsisthatthecoursewasviewedmostlyasasuccess,evenbythetoughmeasureofstudentreviews.IparticularlywouldliketothankthatstudentwhowroteonhisorherreviewthatIdeservearaise—andIwouldliketoencouragemydepartmentchairtopostthisreviewonhiswallandrefertoitfrequently.Withluck,theseconditeratio
3、nofthecoursewillbeevenbetterthanthefirst.Havinglearnedsomuchfromteachingthecourselastyear,Ihopetoimproveitevenfurtherforthisyear.OneofthemostimportantthingsIlearnedwashowmuchstudentsappreciateaclear,complete,anderror-freesetofnotes.Assuch,Iamspendingquiteabitoftimereworkingthesenotestomakethemasp
4、erfectaspossible.Repeatingmypleafromlastyear,ifyoucanthinkofwaysthatthesenotes(orthiscourse)couldbefurtherimproved(correctionoferrorsorwhatnot)pleaseletmeknow.ThenextgenerationofstudentswillcertainlyappreciateitandthatwillimproveyourKarma.,Oxford,UnitedKingdomJanuary,2012.iiPrefaceWhenIwasanunde
5、rgraduate,Ithoughtsolidstatephysics(asub-genreofcondensedmatterphysics)wasperhapstheworstsubjectthatanyundergraduatecouldbeforcedtolearn–boringandtedious,“squalidstate”asitwascommonlycalled1.HowmuchwouldIreallylearnabouttheuniversebystudyingthepropertiesofcrystals?Imanagedtoavoidtakingthiscourse
6、altogether.Myopinionatthetimewasnotareflectionofthesubjectmatter,butratherwasareflectionofhowsolidstatephysicswastaught.Givenmyopinionasanundergraduate,itisabitironicthatIhavebecomeacondensedmatterphysicist.ButonceIwasintroducedtothesubjectproperly,Ifoundthatcondensedmatterwasmyfavoritesubjectinal
7、lofphysics–fullofvariety,excitement,anddeepideas.Manymanyphysicistshavecometothissameconclusion.Infact,condensedmatterphysicsisbyfarthelargestsinglesubfieldofphysics(theannualmeetingofcondensedmatterphysicistsintheUnitedState
