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1、NIKOLAIOSTROVSKYHowtheSteelWasTemperedANOVELINTWOPARTSPARTONETRANSLATEDFROMRUSSIANBYR.PROKOFIEVAILLUSTRATIONSBYA.REZNICHENKODESIGNANDLAYOUTBYJ.ANDREWSPublishedby:COMMUNISTPARTYOFAUSTRALIASYDNEY,AUSTRALIAAUGUST2002Thiseditionhasbeenreproducedfromanoriginalpubl
2、ishedby:FOREIGNLANGUAGESPUBLISHINGHOUSEMOSCOW,USSR1952CONTENTS5Foreward20HowtheSteelWasTempered–Part1225KeytoPrincipalCharacters226Notesonthe2004EditionNIKOLAIOSTROVSKYANDHISNOVELNikolaiOstrovsky’snovel,HowtheSteelWasTempered,occupiesaplaceofprominenceinthehi
3、storyofSovietliterature.Themakingofthebook,aswellasthewholeofOstrovsky’sliterarywork,wasadeedofvalourcrowningthelifeofaheroicBolshevik.Ostrovskywasbornin1904,inthevillageofViliya,OstrozhskyDistrict,RovnoRegion.Hisfatherwasaseasonalworker,butearningsweresomeag
4、rethathismotherandyoungsistershadtoworkasagriculturallabourersonlandedestates.Hiselderbrotherwasapprenticedtoalocksmithwhomaltreatedhisworkers.Thedirepovertyandruthlessexploitationwhichovershadowedthechildhoodofthefuturewritersowedtheseedsofbitterhatredforhis
5、classenemiesandwrathfulprotestagainstsocialinjusticeandhumandegradation.Hewasashepherdboyatnine,andatelevenakitchenboyinarailwaystationbuffetintheUkrainiantownofShepetovka,wherethefamilyhadmovedaftertheoutbreakoftheworldwar.Toescapetheatmosphereofcorruptionan
6、dservilityprevailinginthebuffet,theyoungNikolaispentmuchofhistimewithhisbrother,amechanicintherailwaydepot.Itwastherethathelearnedoftheworkers’struggleforhumanrights,andheardtheBolsheviksspeakofLeninandLenin’sideas.5InthevillageschoolyoungNikolaiOstrovskyhads
7、hownhimselfapupilofextraordinarypromise.WhentheymovedtoShepetovkaNikolai’sparentssenthimtoatwo-yearschool.Inafewmonths,however,hewasexpelledontheinsistenceofthepriestwhotaughttheScriptureandwhomtheinquisitiveladhadharassedwithdiscomfitingquestions.IttooktheRe
8、volutionof1917toopenthedoorsoflearningtoNikolaiOstrovsky.Hemanagedtocombinehisarduousstoker’sjobatthepowerstationwithhisstudiesandparticipationintheschoolliteraryjournalandaliterarycircle