Electronic instabilities in self-assembled atom wires

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1、REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,VOLUME82,JANUARY–MARCH2010Colloquium:Electronicinstabilitiesinself-assembledatomwiresPaulC.Snijders*MaterialsScienceandTechnologyDivision,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,Tennessee37831,USAHannoH.WeiteringDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,TheUniversityofTennessee,

2、Knoxville,Tennessee37996,USAandMaterialsScienceandTechnologyDivision,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,Tennessee37831,USA
Published12February2010Manyquasi-one-dimensional
1DmaterialsareexperimentalapproximationstothetextbookmodelsofPeierlsinstabilitiesandcollectiveexcitationsin1Delec

3、tronicsystems.Therecentlyobservedself-assemblyofatomwiresonsolidsurfaceshasprovidedfascinatingnewinsightsintothenatureoftheirstructuralandelectronicinstabilities,frombothreal-spaceandmomentum-spaceperspectives.InthisColloquium,threeofthemoststudiedatomwirearraysarehighlighted,allfeaturin

4、gmultiplesurface-statebands.Oneoftheseismadeofindiumatomsonaßatsilicon
111surface,whilethetwoothersconsistofgoldatomsonsurfacesthatarevicinaltoSi
111.Theexperimentalandtheoreticalresultsarediscussedwithafocusonthedetailedmechanismsoftheobservedphasetransitionsandontheroleofmicroscopicd

5、efects.DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.307PACSnumber
s:71.30.
h,71.45.Lr,73.20.r,73.22.GkCONTENTSI.INTRODUCTIONOne-dimensional
1Dconductorshavealwayscap-I.Introduction307turedtheimaginationofphysicists.Whileastrictly1DA.Charge-densitywaves308materiallargelyremainsatheoreticalconstruct,avast

6、II.Gold-InducedQuasi-One-DimensionalAtomWiresnumberofmaterialscanbeviewedasquasi-1D,makingonSiliconSurfaces309theminterestingtestcasesfortheoreticalpredictionsA.Au/Si
111309andforlearningthefundamentalsofelectronictrans-B.Au/Si
557310portinextremelow-dimensionalmaterialsystemsand1.Atom

7、icandelectronicstructure310devicescreatedviananotechnology.In1955,Peierlsana-2.Metal-insulatortransition311lyzedachainofatomswithasingleorbitalbasisand3.Alternativemodelofthetransition312concludedthatsuchachaincannotbemetallic
Peierls,C.Au/Si
5533141955.Thegeneralprinci