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1、4EnhancingCompetitiveness:InfrastructureandAgricultureRayA.GoldbergInthispaper,Ibroadentheterm'infrastructure"tomeanthetotalsupportstructureofaglobalagribusinesssystemandtheinstitutionsandarrangementsthathelptocoordinatethefunctionsandflowsofthesystemaswellasthefunctio
2、nsthatareperformedinthesystem.Thesefunctionsincludeinputfarmsupplies,farming,assembling,transporting,storing,processinganddistributingfinalfoodandfiberproductstotheultimatedomesticandinternationalconsumer.ToassesshowU.S.agribusinesshasusedinfrastructureandinstitu-tiona
3、larrangementstocompeteinglobalagribusiness,onehastoplaceU.S.agribusinessinitshistoricalsetting.'AfterWorldWar11,theobjectiveofU.S.farmpolicywastomaintainrelativelyhighpricesup-portssothatthefarmerwouldnotbearthemajorburdenofadjust-mentastheU.S.foodsystemmadethetransiti
4、onfromawartimetoapeacetimeeconomy.Duringthisadjustmentperiod,highdomesticpricesupportsenabledfarmerstocontinuepurchasingfarmsuppliesandcapitalimprovementsfortheirfarms.Becausethesehighpricesupportsactedasapriceumbrellaforourglobalgraincompetitors,theUnitedStatesbecamea
5、residualsuppliertotheexportmarket.ThegovernmentpaidacostdifferentialbetweenthelowerworldpriceforU.S.farmscommoditiesandthedomestichighpricesupportstoex-porterssotheycouldsellintheworldmarket.'~gibukness,asdevelopedattheHarvardBusinessSchool,includesalloftheinterrelated
6、privateandpublicpolicymakingenterprises,fromfarmsupply,farmrng,andprocessingthroughdistributiontotheultimateconsumer-includingallprivateandpubliccoordinatingmechanismsthatholdthecommoditysystemtogetherandenablethemtoadjusttotechnological,polltical,social,andeconomiccha
7、nge.Agri-businesscontainslargeandsmall-scaleparticipants,irrespectiveoftheeconomlcandpoliticalsystem:in-volved.56RayA.GoldbergEvenwiththePL.480Programthatshippedsome$25billionworthofcommoditiesoverseas,surplusesbegantobuildupintheUnitedStates.Thesesurpluses,inturn,resu
8、ltedinasubsidizedstorage'programtostorethesurplusesandaguaranteedoccupancyandpay-mentprogramforstorageatboththeon-far
