《组培人体胚胎学》PPT课件

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1、人体胚胎学Humanembryology主讲人：苏衍萍20Preface1.Definition:(定义)Studydevelopmentandmechanismofhumanbodyfromfertilizationtobirth.2.Content(内容)(1)Normalhumanbodydevelopmentinuterus.(胚胎发育)(2)Relationbetweenmotherandembryo.(母子关系)(3)Hereditarymalformationandreproductiveengineering(先天畸形与生殖工程)3、胚胎分期(1)

2、preembryonicperiod(胚前期)fertilizationto—2W(2)embryonicperiod(胚期)3W—8W(sensitiveperiodofteratogenesis,致畸敏感期)(3)fetalperiod(胎儿期)9W—birth*perinatalperiod(围产期)26W--4Wafterbirth受精8周末胚期胎期围产期（1-8周）（9-38周）(26周-生后4周)出生受精、卵裂、器官系统发育、胚泡形成、功能建立完善、植入、胚体长大。三胚层形成分化、胎膜胎盘形成器官原基建立有害因素影响可致畸………4、Importance

3、andmethod(1)Importance(2)Studymethods21Humanembryogenesisanddevelopmentofearlyperiod1Germcellandfertilization(生殖细胞和受精)(1)Germcell(生殖细胞)spermatozoon（精子）A.Morphologicalmaturation(形态的成熟)intestisB.SpermatozoaundergoaFunctionalmaturationinprocessofjourneyfromtheseminiferoustubules（生精小管）tot

4、heampullaoftheoviduct（输卵管）C.Capacitation：获能：Definition:Itisdefinedasthefinalstepofspermmaturation,consistingprimarilyofchangesintheacrosome(顶体）thatprepareittoreleasetheenzymesrequiredtopenetratethezonapellucida（透明带）.Position:withinfemalegenitaltract（女性生殖管道）andtorequirecontactwiththese

5、cretionsoftheoviduct.Spermsurvive:1—3dayCapacityoffertilization:1dayOvum(卵子):CharacterA.Oogenesis(卵细胞的发生）isdiscontinuousandbeginsduringfetallife.B.Thesecondaryoocyteisarrestedatthesecondmeiotic（减数分裂）metaphase（中期）inovulationC.Coronaradiata（放射冠）andzonapellucida（透明带）accompaniedoocyteD.Oo

6、cytesurvive:1dayCapacityoffertilization:12hours（2）受精fertilizationA.Definition(定义):Itisaprocessthatthespermatozoon（精子）successfully.penetratestheoocyte（卵母细胞）andformszygote(受精卵）B.Position(位置):theampullaoftheoviduct(输卵管壶腹部)C.Time(时间):within12hoursafterovulation(排卵)or24hoursafterejaculatio

7、n(射精)D.条件（1）精卵正常（2）精液质量3-5ml次，≮400万个ml,畸形≯20%,30min内液化，活动率≥60%（1小时）。（3）精子获能,卵子在第二次成熟分裂的中期（4）如期相遇（5）生殖道畅通（6）内环境正常A内分泌B抗精子抗体C精神状态E.Theprocessoffertilization受精过程Spermbindsinahuman-specificinteractionwithazp3(精卵识别)Acrosomereaction(顶体反应):Theacrosomeisinducedtoreleasedegradative(降解)enzymest

8、hatal