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1、摘要摘要在用电量逐渐提高及电网建设不断发展的情况下,电网的安全性、稳定性及运行的可靠性逐渐受到重视,而解决这一问题的关键就是协调无功功率的平衡。因为用电设备不仅要从电网取得有功功率,同时还需要取得无功功率。当电网中的无功功率不足以供应用电设备时,用电设备就不能建立正常的电磁场,也就是不能保证维持在额定情况下进行正常工作,用电设备的端电压就会下降,因而影响到用电设备的正常运行。因为发电机和输电线所供给的无功功率达不到负荷所需的要求,因而在电网中需要设置无功补偿装置来补充用电设备需要的无功功率,来保证用户对无功功率的需要,保证电网的稳定性以及用电设备在额定电压下工作。磁饱和
2、式可控电抗器是一种新型的无功补偿装置,因为它的结构简单、损耗小、响应速度较快且具有近似线性的伏安特性,因此在电网进行无功补偿和电压调整方面发挥了很大的作用。本文在分析现有各种无功补偿方法的基础上,采用磁饱和式可控电抗器进行无功补偿,通过分析磁饱和式可控电抗器在各个状态下工作过程,得出了晶闸管控制电压和线路电压之间的关系,设计了饱和电抗器的控制部分,主要包括控制核心AT89C52单片机、信号采集电路、晶闸管触发脉冲输出电路、显示电路、硬件抗干扰电路等;最后设计了系统的软件部分。关键词:无功补偿,磁饱和可控电抗器,控制器,AT89C52单片机IVAbstractIVAbst
3、ractAbstractWithmodernpowerconsumptiongraduallyimproveandthedevelopmentofthepowergridconstruction,gridstability,safetyandreliabilityoftheoperationmoreattention,andreactivepowerbalanceisthekeyproblem.Innormalcircumstances,electricalequipmentfrompowernotonlytogetactivepower,whichneedstobeo
4、btainedfromthepowersupplyreactivepower.Ifinthegridreactivepowerdemandexceedssupply,powerequipmentisnotenoughreactivepowertoestablishnormalelectromagneticfields,theelectricequipmentcannotbemaintainedintheratedwork,electricalequipmentwilldeclinevoltage,whichaffectsthenormaloperationofthepo
5、werequipment.Butfromthegeneratorandthehighvoltagepowersupplyofreactivepowerfarcan'tsatisfytheneedoftheload,sointhepowergridtosetsomeofthereactivepowercompensationdevicetosupplementthereactivepower,inordertoensurethattheusertothereactivepowerneeded,sothatpowerequipmentcanworkunderratedvol
6、tage.Magneticsaturationtypecontrolledreactorisanewtypeofreactivepowercompensationdevices,itssimplestructure,consumptionissmall,fastresponsewithapproximatelinearcurrent-voltagecharacters,isthepowergridinreactivecompensationandvoltageadjustmentofverygoodchoice.Basedontheanalysisoftheexisti
7、ngonesofreactivepowercompensationmethodbasedonthemagneticsaturationtypecontrolledreactorinreactivecompensation,throughtheanalysisofmagneticsaturationtypecontrolledreactorineachstateworkprocess,itisconcludedthatthethyristorcontrolledvoltageandlinevoltage,therelationshipbet