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1、人教课标版高二必修5 Unit1ExtensiveReadingMatchthepeoplewiththeirachievementDaVinciDonQuixoteGalileoHamletCervantesFreeFallExperimentShakespeareMonaLisaCopernicus哥白尼(NicolausCopernicus,1473-1543),波兰天文学家、日心说创立者,近代天文学的奠基人。哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究,创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系——日心说,从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了
2、艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。WeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus
3、.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Pre-readingCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheoryBirth:February19,1473Death:May24,1543PlaceofB
4、irth:Toruń,PolandCareer:1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBolognaNicolasCopernicus1497BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets1514WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdidnotcirculateitwidely1
5、543PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevolutionsoftheCelestial)AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.TReadthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilheco
6、mpletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.TF2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.F5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkin
7、gareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.FTReadcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeEarthatitscentreAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeSunatitscentreAnalyzet
8、hefollowingpicturecarefullyandtrytoexplainhowaloopisformed.DearNicolausCopernicus,Iamastudentstu
