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1、EnvironmentalMicrobiology(2011)doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02669.xHdfRisaregulatorinPhotorhabdusluminescensthatmodulatesmetabolismandsymbiosiswiththenematodeHeterorhabditisemi_26691..14CatherineA.Easom1,2andDavidJ.Clarke2*HdfRplaysanimportantroleincoordinating
2、theinter-1DepartmentofBiologyandBiochemistry,UniversityofactionbetweenP.luminescensanditsnematodeBath,ClavertonDown,Bath,BA27AY,UK.partnerduringtransmission.2DepartmentofMicrobiology,UniversityCollegeCork,Cork,Ireland.IntroductionPhotorhabdusluminescensareGram-
3、negative,biolumi-SummarynescentbacteriathataremembersofthefamilyEntero-Thebacterium,Photorhabdusluminescens,isanbacteriaceae.Photorhabdusluminescensarehighlyinsectpathogenthatalsomaintainsamutualisticvirulentagainstawiderangeofinsectlarvaewhilemain-interactionw
4、ithnematodesfromthefamilyHeter-tainingamutualisticassociationwithnematodesfromtheorhabditis.PhotorhabdusluminescensiscarriedinfamilyHeterorhabditis.Thebacteriaarenormallyfoundthegutoftheinfectivejuvenile(IJ),anematodestagecolonizingthegutoftheinfectivejuvenile(
5、IJ),afree-livingthatinfectssoft-cuticledinsectlarvaeinthesoil.Pho-stageoftheheterorhabditidnematodethatisfoundinthetorhabdusluminescensisreleasedintotheinsectsoil.TheroleoftheIJistodisperseinthesoilwhilebloodtoconverttheinsectintoabiomassthatisableseekingoutand
6、infectingapotentialinsecthost.Oncetosupportnematodegrowthanddevelopment.Nema-insidetheinsect,theIJregurgitatesthebacteriaintothetodereproductioncontinuesfor23generationsinsecthaemolymphwheretheP.luminescensreplicatetobeforethenematodesenteranalternativedevelop-
7、highcelldensitiesresultingininsectdeathwithin4872hmentalpathwayleadingtoanewgenerationofIJsofinfection.ThenematodesfeedonthisbacterialthatareefficientlycolonizedbyP.luminescensinabiomassandundergoseveralroundsofreproductionprocesscalledtransmission.Transmission
8、beginsbeforeanewgenerationofIJs,eachonecolonizedbywiththeadherenceofP.luminescenstotherectalP.luminescensbacteria,emergefromtheinsectcadaverglandcells(RGC)locatedinthegutoft
