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1、第19卷第4期水土保持学报Vol.19No.42005年8月JournalofSoilandWaterConservationAug.,2005X中国农田生产系统土壤保持功能及其经济价值孙新章,谢高地,成升魁,肖玉,鲁春霞(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101)摘要:农田生产系统不仅为人类提供了多种多样的农产品,同时,农作物对地表的覆盖以及各种水土保持措施的采用,使农田生产系统也发挥着重要的土壤保持功能。根据计算,我国农田生产系统每年保持土壤的数量为101.9×108t,其中,西南地区、黄土
2、高原区和东北地区的农田土壤保持功能最为突出。采用市场价格法、机会成本法和影子工程法对农田保持土壤的价值进行评估,结果表明:我国农田每年保持土壤养分的价值为4408.50×108元/8元/a,减轻淤积的价值为53.74×108元/a,总计4626.66×108元/a,相当于a,减少耕地废弃价值为164.09×102000～2002年我国种植业平均产值的32.08%。其中,东北地区、黄土高原区和西南地区保持土壤价值较大,合计为2851.8×108元,占总价值的61.6%。关键词:农田生产系统;土壤保持功能;
3、经济价值中图分类号:S181;S157.2;S157.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-2242(2005)04-0156-04ServicesforSoilConservationandItsMonetaryValueofChineseCroppingSystemSUNXin-zhang,XIEGao-di,CHENGSheng-kui,XIAOYu,LUChun-xia(InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Bei
4、jing100101)Abstract:Chinesecroppingsystemnotonlyprovidespeoplegrains,vegetables,etc.,butalsotakesanimportantroleinsoilconservation.First,cropsreducesoilerosionthroughincreasingsoilpenetrabilityandreducingrunoff.Second,Chinesefarmersinventedmanyofmeasures
5、forsoilconservationinthelongtermoffarmingpractice,suchasterrace,check-dam,contourfarming,strawmulch,etc.,alloftheseareprovedeffectiveinsoilconserva-tionandcropspyieldimprovement.Accordingtothecalculatedresultsinthepaper,theweightofsoilconserved8byChinese
6、croppingsystemis101.9×10tperyear,andcroppingsystemsinSouthwesternChina,LoessPlateauandNortheasternChinaareoutstandinginsoilconservation.MonetaryvalueofsoilheldbyChinesecroppingsys-temisalsocalculatedbymethodsofmarketprice,opportunitycostandshadowcost.The
7、resultsshowthatthe8totalmonetaryvalueis4626.66×10yuanperyear,whichaccountsfor32.08%ofthemeanoutputvalueofChinesecroppingproductionduring2000～2002.Thevaluesofkeepingsoilnutrients,reducingsoilabandonand888alleviatingsedimentationare4408.50×10yuan/a,164.09×
8、10yuan/aand53.74×10yuan/a,respectively.ThemonetaryvalueinNortheasternChina,LoessPlateauandSouthwesternChinaaregreater,andsumofthem8is2851.8×10yuan/aandaccountsfor61.6%oftotalmonetaryvalueofsoilconservationserviceprovidedby
