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1、独立主格结构及其用法1小田@www.iloveppt.org大家知道,独立主格结构是由两部分构成的词组组成。第一部分一般由名词、名词词组或代词担任,第二部分由动词的非谓语形式(动词不定式、现在分词短语和过去分词短语)、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语担任。这两部分在逻辑意义上有主谓关系,即第一部分是第二部分的逻辑主语。例如:Thequestionsettled,theywenttohavetheirlunch.Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonanouting..Theteacher
2、camein,bookinhand.Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling.2小田@www.iloveppt.org独立主格结构在句子中可担任不同的句子成分。例如:Thequestionratherdifficult,wemustspendmoretimeconsideringitcarefully.(表示原因)此句可改写为:Asthequestionisratherdifficult,wemustspendmoretimeconsideringitcarefully.Weatherpermi
3、tting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.(表示条件)此句可改写为:Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.31独立主格结构根据其不同词类的搭配可归纳如下:1.名词(或代词)+现在分词短语;在这种结构中,名词(或代词)与现在分词短语之间为主动关系。例如:ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.此句可改写为:AsitwasSunday,theyhadnoclasses.Thebellringing,allthestudent
4、senteredtheclassroom.此句可改写为:Assoonasthebellrang,allthestudentsenteredtheclassroom.2.名词(或代词)+过去分词短语;在这种结构中,名词(或代词)与过去分词之间为被动关系。例如:Everythingtakenintoconsideration,heisthemostsuitablepersonforthejob.此句可改写为:Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration,heisthemostsuitablepe
5、rsonforthejob.Herhomeworkdone,Marydecidedtogoshopping.此句可改写为:Asherhomeworkwasdone,Marydecidedtogoshopping.4小田@www.iloveppt.org3.名词(或代词)+动词不定式;在这种结构中,名词(或代词)与动词不定式之间为主动关系,动词不定式表示将来。例如:Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups,eachtofinishonethirdofthework.此句可改写为:Thes
6、tudentsweredividedintothreegroups,andeach(group)wouldfinishonethirdofthework.Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.此句可改写为:Herearethefirstthreevolumes,andthefourthonewillcomeoutnextmonth.Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.此句可改写为:
7、HesuggestedgoingforapicnicandMarywouldprovidethefood.5小田@www.iloveppt.org4.名词(或代词)+形容词;例如:Thebabybegantocryagain,hisfaceverypaleandhislipscolorless.此句可改写为:Thebabybegantocryagainwithhisfaceverypaleandhislipscolorless.Theyweremakingasnowman,handsredwithcold.此句可改写为
8、:Theyweremakingasnowmanwiththeirhandsredwithcold.6小田@www.iloveppt.org5.名词(或代词)+介词短语;例如:Hewaslyingonthelawn,hishandsunderhishead.此句可改写为:Hewaslyingonthelawnwithhishands