消防报警和安全检测(外文文献翻译)

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1、FireAlarmsandSecurityDetectionAfirealarmcircuit,asitsnameimplies,soundsanalarmintheeventofafire.Therecanbeoneorseveralalarmsthroughoutabuilding,andtherecanbeseveralalarmpoints,whichactivatethewarming.Thealarmpointscanbeoperatedmanuallyorautomatically;inthelattercasetheymaybesensitivetoheat,s

2、mokeorionization.Thereareclearlymanycombinationspossible,andthischaptergivessomesystematicaccountofthewaytheyarebuiltup.Severalalarmpointsareconnectedinparallel,andwheneveroneofthemisactuatedthecircuitiscompletedandthealarmsounds.Thisisdescribedasanopencircuit,anditwillbeseenthatitisnotfails

3、afe,becauseifthereisafailureofsupply,thefirealarmcannotwork.Anothercharacteristicofthiscircuitisthateveryalarmpointmustbecapableofcarryingthefullcurrenttakenbyallthebellsorhootersworkingtogether.Thealarmpointsareconnectedinserieswitheachotherandwitharelaycoil.Therelayisnormallyclosedwhende-e

4、nergized,andopenswhenthecoilisenergized.Thuswhenanalarmpointisactivatedtherelaycoilisde-energized,therelayclosesandthealarmsounds.Thissystemfailssafetotheextentthatifthecoilcircuitfailsthemaincircuitoperatesthealarm.Itisnotofcoursesafeagainsttotalfailureofthesupplybecauseinthateventthereisno

5、supplyavailabletoworkthebells.Thealarmpointsdonothavetocarrytheoperatingcurrentofthebellsorhooters.Thisarrangementiscalledaclosedcircuitincontrasttotheopencircuit.Wecannoticethatinanopencircuitthealarmpointsarewiredinparallelandarenormallyopen,whilstinaclosedcircuittheywiredinseriesandarenor

6、mallyclosed.Atypicalmanuallyoperatedfirealarmpointiscontainedinarobustredplasticcasewithaglasscover.Thematerialischosenforitsfireresistingproperties.Thecasehasknockoutforconduitentriesattopandbottombutthematerialcanbesufficientlyeasilycutforthesiteelectriciantomakehimselfanentryinthebackifhe

7、needsit.Alternativeterminalsareprovidedforcircuitsinwhichthecontactshavetoclosewhentheglassissmashedandforcircuitsinwhichthecontactshavetoopen10whentheglassissmashed.Intheformercase,thereisatestswitchwhichcanbereachedwhenthewholefrontisopenedwithan