2012 - Nature - Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory

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1、ARTICLEdoi:10.1038/nature11347Divisionandsubtractionbydistinctcorticalinhibitorynetworksinvivo1111NathanR.Wilson*,CarolineA.Runyan*,ForeaL.Wang&MrigankaSurBraincircuitsprocessinformationthroughspecializedneuronalsubclassesinteractingwithinanetwork.Revealingtheirinterplayrequiresactivatingspecifi

2、ccellswhilemonitoringothersinafunctioningcircuit.Hereweuseanewplatformfortwo-waylight-basedcircuitinterrogationinvisualcortexinvivotoshowthecomputationalimplicationsofmodulatingdifferentsubclassesofinhibitoryneuronsduringsensoryprocessing.Wefindthatsoma-targeting,parvalbumin-expressing(PV)neuron

3、sprincipallydivideresponsesbutpreservestimulusselectivity,whereasdendrite-targeting,somatostatin-expressing(SOM)neuronsprincipallysubtractfromexcitatoryresponsesandsharpenselectivity.Visualizedinvivocell-attachedrecordingsshowthatdivisionbyPVneuronsaltersresponsegain,whereassubtractionbySOMneuro

4、nsshiftsresponselevels.Finally,stimulatingidentifiedneuronswhilescanningmanytargetcellsrevealsthatsinglePVandSOMneuronsfunctionallyimpactonlyspecificsubsetsofneuronsintheirprojectionfields.Thesefindingsprovidedirectevidencethatinhibitoryneuronalsubclasseshavedistinctandcomplementaryrolesincortic

5、alcomputations.Inhibitionhasfundamentalanddiverserolesinbrainfunction,andiswithinvivotwo-photonimaginginthemammalianbrain(Fig.1aanddeliveredbyspecializedcelltypeswithdistinctintrinsicpropertiesandSupplementaryFig.1).Ourimagingsystem(SupplementaryMovie1)1–3connectivitypatterns.Thisheterogeneityin

6、cellularformandfunc-sampledcalciumresponsesfromneuronsloadedwithafluorescent25tionsuggeststhatdifferentinhibitorysubtypesmayactuallyunderpinreporterusingascanpathcustomizedforeachimage,athighspeeddistinctcomputationalfunctionsandevenholdspecificrelevancetobutalsohighdwelltimeswithinneurons,yield

7、inghighlyrepeatable4neurologicaldisordersbasedontheiruniquemorphologiesandfunc-measurementsoforientation-selectiveresponsesandcleartuningtionalpositionswithinthenetwork.Previouspharmacologicalorcurves(Fig.1a–f,SupplementaryF