生物专业英语词汇整理1

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1、LessonTwo（2学时）PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisoccursonlyinthechlorophyllchlorophyll叶绿素-containingcellsofgreenplants,algae藻,andcertainprotists原生生物andbacteria.Overall,itisaprocessthatconvertslightenergyintochemicalenergythatisstoredinthemolecularbonds.Fromthepoin

2、tofviewofchemistryandenergetics,itistheoppositeofcellularrespiration.Whereas然而cellular细胞的respiration呼吸ishighlyexergonic吸收能量的andreleasesenergy,photosynthesis光合作用requiresenergyandishighlyendergonic.光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞，海藻，某些原生动物和细菌之中。总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能，并将能量贮存

3、在分子键中，从化学和动能学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的对立面。细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的，光合作用是需要能量并高吸能的过程。PhotosynthesisstartswithCO2andH2Oasrawmaterialsandproceedsthroughtwosetsofpartialreactions.Inthefirstset,calledthelight-dependentreactions,watermoleculesaresplit裂开(oxidized),02isreleased,andATPand

4、NADPHareformed.Thesereactionsmusttakeplaceinthepresenceof在面前lightenergy.Inthesecondset,calledlight-independentreactions,CO2isreduced(viatheadditionofHatoms)tocarbohydrate.ThesechemicaleventsrelyontheelectroncarrierNADPHandATPgeneratedbythefirstsetofreaction

5、s.光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。第一步，称光反应，水分子分解，氧分子释放，ATP和NADPH形成。此反应需要光能的存在。第二步，称暗反应，二氧化碳被还原成碳水化合物，这步反应依赖电子载体NADPH以及第一步反应产生的ATP。Bothsetsofreactionstakeplaceinchloroplasts.Mostoftheenzymesandpigments色素forthelightdependentreactionsareembedded深入的内含的inthethylakoid类囊

6、体membrane膜隔膜ofchloroplasts叶绿体.Thedarkreactionstakeplaceinthestroma.基质两步反应都发生在叶绿体中。光反应需要的大部分酶和色素包埋在叶绿体的类囊体膜上。暗反应发生在基质中。HowLightEnergyReachesPhotosyntheticCells（光合细胞如何吸收光能的）Theenergyinlightphotonsinthevisiblepartofthespectrumcanbecapturedbybiologicalmolecules

7、todoconstructivework.Thepigmentchlorophyllinplantcellsabsorbsphotonswithinaparticularabsorptionspectrumsstatementoftheamountoflightabsorbedbychlorophyllatdifferentwavelengths.Whenlightisabsorbeditaltersthearrangementofelectronsintheabsorbingmolecule.Theadde

8、denergyofthephotonbooststheenergyconditionofthemoleculefromastablestatetoaless-stableexcitedstate.Duringthelight-dependentreactionsofphotosynthesis,astheabsorbingmoleculereturnstothegroundstate,the"exc